Automatic Metadata Harvesting From Digital Content

robotic Metadata Harvesting From Digital ContentMR. RUSHABH D. DOSHI,MR. GIRISH H MULCHANDANIAbstract Metadata origination is unmatchable of the predominant query dramaticss in breeding retrieval. Metadata is apply to references information resources. Most metadata conveyion systems ar still gracious intensive since they require honest decision to recognize relevant metadata but this is time consuming. However automatic metadata extraction techniques argon developed but mostly works with structured format. We proposed a new come near to harvesting metadata from document using NLP. As NLP stands for Natural Language Processing work on natural language that human used in day immediately life.KeywordsMetadata, Extraction, NLP, GrammarsI. IntroductionMetadata is data that describes another data Metadata describes an information resource, or helps provide access to an information resource. A entreaty of such metadata elements may describe one or some(prenominal) information resources. For example, a library catalogue record is a collection of metadata elements, linked to the maintain or other item in the library collection through the call number. Information stored in the META field of an HTML Web page is metadata, associated with the information resource by being embedded within it.The key purpose of metadata is to facilitate and improve the retrieval of information. At library, college, Metadata can be used to arrive at this by identifying the different characteristics of the information resource the author, subject, title, publisher and so on. Various metadata harvesting techniques is developed to extract the data from digital libraries.NLP is a field of computer science, artificial intelligence and linguistics concerned with the interactions between computers and human (natural) languages. As such, NLP is related to the area of human computer interaction. Recent research has increasingly focused on unsupervised andsemi-supervised breeding algor ithms. Such algorithms are able to learn from data that has not beenhand-annotatedwith the desired answers, or using a conspiracy of annotated andnon-annotateddata. The goal of NLP evaluation is to measure one or more qualities of an algorithm or a system, in order to determine whether (or to what extent) the system answers the goals of its designers, or meets the needs of its users.II. MethodIn this composing we proposed automatic metadata harvesting algorithm using natural language (i.e. humans used in day today works). Our technique is rule based. So it does not require any training dataset for it.We harvest metadata based on English Grammar Terms. We identify the possible set of metadata then(prenominal) calculate their frequency then applying weight term based on their position or format that apply to it.The rest of the paper is organized as follows. The next section review some related work regarding to metadata harvesting from digital content. Section hold backs the detai led description of proposed idea presented here. At last paper is concluded with summary.III. Related WorkExisting Metadata harvesting techniques are either cable car learning method or ruled based methods. . In machine learning method set of predefined template that contains dataset are given to machine to train machine. Then machine is used to harvest metadata from document based on that dataset. While in rule based method most of techniques set ruled that are used to harvest metadata from documents.In machine learning approach extracted keywords are given to the machine from training documents to learn specific models then that model are applied to new documents to extract keyword from them.Many techniques used machine learning approach such as automatic document metadata extraction using support vector machine .In rule based techniques some predefined rules are given to machine based on that machine harvest metadata from documents. Positions of word in document, specific keywor d are used as category of document and and so forth are examples rules that are set in various metadata harvest techniques. In some case Metadata classification is based on document types (e.g. purchase order, gross sales report etc.) and data context (e.g. customer name, order date etc.) 1.Other statistical methods include word frequency 2, TF*IDF 3, wordco-occurrences4. Later on some techniques are used to harvest key phrase based on TF*PDF 5. Other techniques use TDT (Topic Detection and Tracking) with aging theory to harvest metadata from parole website 6. any(prenominal) techniques used DDC/RDF editor to define and harvest metadata from document and validate by thirds parties 7. Several models are developed to harvest metadata from corpus. Now days most of techniques used models that all are depends on corpus.IV. Proposed TheoryOur approach focused on harvesting a metadata from document based on English grammar. English grammar has many categories which categorized the word in statement. Grammar categories such as NOUN,VERB, ADJECTIVES, ADVERB, NOUN PHRASE, VERB PHRASE etc. each and every grammar category has a priority in statement. So our approaches to extract out the Metadata extraction based on its priority in grammar. Priority in grammar component is as follows noun, verb, adjective, adverb, noun phraseV. Proposed IdeaFigure-1Proposed System ArchitectureInfigure-1we give proposed system architecture. In this architecture we does not stick steps in any order.ArticlePre-processingarticlepre-processingwhich remove irrelevant contents (i.e. tags,header-footerdetails etc.) from documents.POS TaggersAPart-Of-SpeechTagger (POS Tagger) is a piece of software that reads text in some languages and assigns parts of speech to each word (and other token), such as noun, verb, adjective, etc.StemmingIn most cases, morphological variants of words arrest similar semantic interpretations can be considered as equivalent for the purpose of IR applications. For this reason, a number ofso-calledstemming Algorithms, or stemmers, have been developed, which attempt to reduce a word to its stem or root form.Calculate frequencyHere each termed frequency is calculated i.e. how many occurrence of each term in document.Identify Suitable MetadataNow metadata is extracted from word set based on their frequency, grammar and their positions.VI. Experiments ResultsIn this study we take a corpus with 100 documents. Documents contain the news article about various categories. Here we first extract the metadata manually from each every documents. Then apply our idea to corpus. We measure our result from chase parameter.Precision = No of terms identified correctly by the system / Top N terms out of total terms generated by the system. resound = Number of keyterms identified correctly by the system / Number of keyterms identified by the authors.F-measure=F=2* ((precision* recall)/ ( precision+ recall))Table1 Evaluation ResultsVII. Conclusion Future plant li feThis method based on grammar component Our Aim to use this algorithm to identifying metadata inbigram, trigram tetra gram. This metadata helps us to generate summary of documents.References1 Christopher D. Manning, Prabhakar, Raghavan, Hinrich Schtze An Introduction to Information Retrieval book.2 H. P. Luhn. A Statistical Approach to Mechanized Encoding and Searching of Literary Information. IBM Journal of Research and Development, 1957, 1(4)309-317.3 G. Salton, C. S. Yang, C. T. Yu. A Theory of Term Importance in Automatic school text Analysis, Journal of the C.Zhang et al American society for Information Science, 1975, 26(1)33-44.4 Y. Matsuo, M. Ishizuka. Keyword Extraction from a Single Document Using WordCo-ocuurrenceStatistical Information. International Journal on Artificial perception Tools, 2004, 13(1)157-169.5 Yan Gao Jin Liu, Peixun Ma The HOT keyphrase Extraction based on TF*PDF, IEEE conference, 2011.6 Canhui Wang, Min Zhang, Liyun Ru, Shaoping Ma An Automatic Onlin e News Topic Keyphrase Extraction System,IEEE conference, 2006.7 Nor Adnan Yahaya, Rosiza Buang Automated Metadata Extraction from web sources, IEEE conference, 2006.8 Somchai Chatvienchai Automatic metadata extraction classi_cation of spreadsheet Documents based on layout similarities, IEEE conference, 2005.9 Dr. Jyoti Pareek, Sonal Jain KeyPhrase Extraction tool (KET) for semantic metadata annotation of Learning Materials, IEEE conference, 2009.10 Wan Malini Wan Isa, Jamaliah Abdul Hamid, Hamidah Ibrahim, Rusli Abdullah, Mohd. Hasan Selamat, Muhamad Tau_k Abdullah and Nurul Amelina Nasharuddin Metadata Extraction with Cue Model.11 Zhixin Guo, Hai Jin ARule-basedFramework of Metadata Extraction from Scienti_c Papers, IEEE conference.12 Ernesto Giralt Hernndez, Joan Marc Piulachs industry of the Dublin Core format for automatic metadata generation and extraction,DC-2005Proc. International Conference. on Dublin Core and Metadata Applications.13 Canhui Wang, Min Zhang, Liyun Ru, Shao ping Ma An Automatic Online News Topic Keyphrase Extraction System, IEEE conference.14 Srinivas Vadrevu, Saravanakumar Nagarajan, Fatih Gelgi, Hasan Davulcu Automated Metadata and Instance Extraction from News Web Sites,IEEE conference.

Boracay Famous White Beach Tourism Essay

Boracay Famous purity Beach Tourism EssayAccording to Tourism Philippines, Boracay is storied for its long white light-haired shorees, and is withal a popular issuelet for piddle sports activities such as scuba diving, snorkeling, sailing etc. Other than the sandy beaches, Boracay is well kn deliver for the nightlife and party scene. There are numerous bars and clubs along the whole stretch of beach, mostly located at station 2 of Boracay. Spas are as well as readily at most places you can even find freelance masseurs patrolling the beaches (Tourism Philippines, 2008, Retrieved From http//tourism-philippines.com/boracay-travel-guide/)According to corporate.mozcom.com, The best part of the island is its 4 km. White Beach, also c everyed long beach by the locals. It is situated at the west coast between the villages of Angol and Balabag, and some experienced travellers claim it to be the finest beach of all Asia. The water is shallow here and its sand brighter and finer than mo st beaches in the archipelago. There are about 350 beach resorts with 2000 rooms to suit virtually every(prenominal)ones taste. There is adaptation of all types and price categories. Restaurants range form the intrinsic fastfood stalls to establishments that would satisfy even a gourmet. You can find beer joints as well as discos with frightening light and sound equipment. (corporate.mozcom.com, n.d, Retrieved From http//corporate.mozcom.com/dot/r6/borfacts.html)Nestor P. Burgos Jr. of the Philippine Daily Inquirer states that, DISCERNING travelers and tourists prefer destinations off the beaten track. But many of them passive end up in the world-famous beach of Boracay Island in Aklan. This is because of its white beach and fine white sand and crystal clear waters, according to Edwin Trompeta, regional theater director for Western Visayas of the Department of Tourism. The beach and waters combined with the islands nightlife urinate Boracay irresistible, he says.Despite contr oversies on land ownership and unregulated development, Boracay has drawn more tourists every year because of its famous white beach, consistently included in the lists of the best beaches in the world.Furthermore, the global economic slump has failed to dampen tourist arrivals with new abroad markets and local tourists making up for the slack in visitors from countries hit hard by the world recession.As a matter of fact, tourist arrivals on the island pay been on the upswing for a decade. They are up from 554,181 tourists in 2006, 596,707 in 2007, 634,263 in 2008 and 649,559 last year. For the first five months of this year, tourist arrivals befuddle grown by 12 share, according to data from the tourism office of Malay town in Aklan.Boracays billhook season usually begins in October and lasts until may the following yearFrom January to May 2010, tourist arrivals reached 378,694, high than the 337,664 tourists who visited the island in the same period last year and the 320,99 4 tourists who came in 2008.The highest number was recorded in May with tourist arrivals reaching 101,349, higher than the 92,813 tourists in the same month in 2009 and 83,731 in 2008.More than 600,000 local and foreign tourists visited the white sand beaches and various parts of Boracay during the period, more than 40 percent higher than the 2009 figure of around 470,000.DOT 6 said they have recorded more than 230,000 foreign tourists in the island as of early October..This is good word of honor amid the various travel advisories issued by several countries against visiting in the Philippines, the DOT 6 said.The United States, Australia and United Kingdom had earlier issued advisories as precautions in c menstruatee of location to the country in the wake of reported terror threats.The tourism of Boracay is continuing to grow in fact, The News Today states that, Boracays revenue, mainly due to tourism, has reached P 12.17 one million million million as of the third quarter, highe r compared to last years figures.Income from tourism in Boracay from January to May reached P6,961,683.28. (Burgos, 2010, Retrieved From http//newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/regions/view/20100814-286677/Boracay-tourism-still-up-amid-woes)Tourist Attractions and Activities in BoracayAccording to travelnet.com, Boracay is famous for the followingBeaches / White BeachBoracay boasts of a sugary white sand beach and azure blue waters. The best part of the island is the four-kilometer White Beach known to be the finest beach in the world. The ring water is shallow and the sand is finer and brighter than most beaches in the archipelago. White Beach is so, soooo fine, it feels like treading on miles of baby powderAquasportsThe island promised land of Boracay is a perfect place for watersports. Here, you can partake in a smorgasbord of exhilirating aqua action from swimming and snorkeling to scuba diving, come upsurfing, sailboating, kayaking, boardsailing, and boating.Nature tr ipping / Eco-AdventureWorld-renowned Boracay is an adventure island ideal for island hopping, hiking, trekking, caving, mountain climbing, biking, and horseback riding. Trekking and mountain biking can bring even the intrepid to the islands quaint interior villages and to the edges scenic rocky cliffs, discovering along the focus many hidden coves with isolated beaches far from thetourist crowd.Boardsailing at Bulabog BeachOn the eastern side of Boracay Island is Bulabog Beach. It is a boardsailors mecca that draws enthusiasts from all over the world, especially during the peak season from November to March. In January, it is the site of an transnational Funboard Cup.Paraw RegattaSailboating and kayaking are popular sporting activities, with Boracay playing host to the annual Paraw Regatta, an international sailboat race that makes use of the native outrigger.DivingDive sites surround the island and are learning venues to both novice and professional divers, guided by competent in structors of the many dive shops that operate in the area. For trueblue scuba diving enthusiasts, Yapak in Boracay is a great deep dive.Recreational SportsLaid-back Boracay is the perfect venue for golf, tennis, bowling, even beach volleyball. Top-of-class amenities for these activities are functional in the island. For golf bugs, Fairways and Bluewater Resort Golf and Countryclub has an 18-hole championship course.PartyhoppingThe code in Boracay is strictly informal. Walking barefoot than shod is the rule rather than the exception. Swinging discos have the beach for a floor, giving dance a new twist. From dusk to pervade, the island turns into one big party place where everyone is welcome to join in.Mambo Number 5For the adventure-driven, Mambo Number 5 is a little bit of boating and wind surfing, a little bit of scuba diving, a little bit of trekking, a little bit of mountain biking, and a little bit of golf.ShoppingBargain shopping is a joy of a diversion while in Boracay. Souv enir pieces provide endless possibilities, from trinkets and native accessories made of shells and semi-precious stones to exotic or contemporary beach wear and fashion artworks.DiningThe taste of the 6th Region, to which Boracay belongs, is rather simple. Charbroiled chicken is common fare. Another favorite dish is raw fish marinated in spicy vinegar. Dining is no problem in Boracay, with most resorts having their own restaurants that serve both Filipino and international cuisines. Small snack bars line the island.RelaxationDiversions are not a problem in Boracay, with unfilled activities calendared throughout the year and amenities offered by some 350 tourist establishments. The island is ideal for beachbumming, relaxing, and simply lazing around. At the end of the day, unwind with a relaxing massage. The island never runs out skilled masseurs offering massage services by the beach. For a more luxurious treat, visit the new Mandala Spa.Boracay BoardsailingThe picture-perfect tro pical island of Boracay offers flat-water speed sailing, wave jumping, and longboard cruising. White Beach, screen from the amihan, or northeast monsoon, is for beginners. Bulabog Beach, on the other side of the island, has ideal conditions for speed, slalom, and high-wind shortboard sailing. It is also the site of the annual Boracay International Funboard Cup. Tabon Strait has superb high-performance sailing, provided at that place is a real risk of being swept away, so this site is for skilled sailors only.Tibiao Whitewater RiverRising near the peak of Mt. Madja-as, the Tibiao River descends almost 2000m on its short but tumultuous journey to the sea. The lower section of the river, known as the Chicken Run, is grade 3 the more difficult upper section reaches grade 4. The Tibiao has all the classic features of a tropical whitewater river, with rich vegetation hemming the banks, views of rice terraces, spectacular falls and clear water. The river is close to Boracay and easily a ccessible.Natural FormationsBeaches / White BeachBoracay boasts of a sugary white sand beach and azure blue waters. The best part of the island is the four-kilometer White Beach known to be the finest beach in the world. The surrounding water is shallow and the sand is finer and brighter than most beaches in the archipelago. White Beach is so, soooo fine, it feels like treading on miles of baby powderFestivalsAti-Atihan (second weekend of January)January is the time to hang loose in Kalibo, the Land of the Atis and the gateway to Boracay. For all of three days, it celebrates the Ati-Atihan Festival where frenzied streetdancing is performed by costumed and black-sooted tribes as they wend through the main streets from dawn until the witching hours. Ati-Atihan commemorates the 13th-century land deal between ten migrating Bornean chieftains and the aboriginal Ati King Marikudo. It also honors the town patron, the infant Santo Nio. To the accompaniment of hundreds of lyres and drums, m errymakers throw all inhibitions to the wind as they join the tribes in a mad jig punctuated by rhythmic shouts of Hala bira Puera pasma Hala bira Viva Santo Nio (Loosely translated Let go Dont get crazy Let go Hail the Holy Child)Paraw RegattaYearly, Boracay Island plays host to the Paraw Regatta, an international sailboat race thatmakes use of the native outrigger.International Funboard CupA medicament and dance festivity depicting the history, folklore, and traditions of the Lobocanons. Bolibong Kingking is a term applied to the drums and gongs and their rhythm used to accompany the supplication dance ritual in front of the motion-picture show of Our Lady of Guadalupe, the 2nd Patron of Loboc.Pana-ad sa Loboc (Holy Thursday Good Friday)Bulabog Beach, situated on the eastern side of Boracay Island, is a boardsailors mecca that draws enthusiasts from all over the world. Every January, it is the site of an International Funboard Cup.Marketing BoracayA study was undertaken for th e International Finance Corp. (IFC) by a team of Filipino and German consultantsto improve and develop Boracay to make it a first tourist destination. According to this study, the plan is achievable and through this, the island of Boracay can compete with other world-renowned beaches like those in Phuket, Thailand and Bali, Indonesia.The plan is to redesign the marketing strategy to make the island more visible and accessible to tourists from around the world, declared IFC Country Manager Vipul Bhagat. Boracay is presented as a haven of good investment opportunities, paying attention to strategic tourism marketing and promotion so as to invite and persuade more tourists into visiting the island.http//www.mb.com.ph/node/61659The study emphasizes the major changes which are intended to be done and implemented to develop, sustain and make Boracay a major destination for big-ticket tourism. These changes include the transfer of inviolable waste management facility from Boracay to Cati clan the reflection of low-cost mainland housing to ease migration and congestion in Boracay improved transport facility between Boracay and Caticlan development of Caticlans airport and marina a Caticlan-based full service infirmary to respond to emergencies, and an agro-industrial center in Caticlan with ice and cold storage facilities and a public market. Issues like migration, zoning, lack of health facilities and medical personnel, visual and noise pollution, solid waste and water management, energy supply and intra- and inter-island transport are also addressed. In addition, the building of educational facilities offering tourism-related services, environmental management and eco-tourism in Caticlan was also recommended to raise the awareness of the locals to continue preserving, sustaining and developing the island that is considered as one of the Philippines most treasured and precious natural resources. .To start with the marketing and strategic management development, the IFC conducted a web marketing seminar for local officials and businessmen to improve and hone their skills and utilize the use the Internet to market Boracay and improve and build-up its image. A separate forum for potency investors was also held in Manila.

Computers Modulator Demodulators (Modems) are used to change the analogue :: Computer Science

Computers Modulator Demodulators (Modems) are used to change the analogue to digital and the other port aroundAnalogue to Digital ConversionMatt DaveyAnalogue to Digital Conversion is the way of converting a continousanalogue signal to a series of digital binary numbers. This is done inmany pieces of hardware by taking samples of the analogue signal andthen each sample is digitised into a binary encrypt by a microchip. Thisprocess is known as Quantization a process where a continuous signalis converted to a series of points at discrete levels. This process isspecific to the music industry.In Computers Modulator Demodulators (Modems) are used to change theanalogue to digital and the other way around. The modem uploads datato the Internet by converting it to an analogue signal andbroadcasting it through the phone line, then when downloading itconverts the analogue signal to binary 1s and 0s.The analogue wave is created by vibrations in the sound the waveformtoday is usually recorded into digital format by an Analogue DigitalConverter (ADC). The Waveform is turned into a stream of numbers andthe ADC records the numbers and feeds them through the speakers. Inthe computer world a modem is commonly used to connect to the largestWide area network the internet. The modem uses ASCII formula to translatethe waveform to the computer and then back to waveform to translate itand broadcast it over the phone line again.This was thought to be irreverent when ISDN came in because ISDN was adigital network merely this didnt take off because of the price and thework involved in setting one up but speeds of an ISDN reached 128kbpsthis was fast for the time.All ADCs work by sampling their input at intervals of time.

Megans Law: Protecting American Families Everywhere Essay -- essays re

Megans lawfulness Protecting American Families EverywhereIn the summer of 1994 in Hamilton, new-fashioned Jersey, a small girl by the name of Megan Kanka was raped and murdered by a convicted pedophile, Jesse Timmendequas. The shocking crime rocked not only the small town, just now the entire country. A desperate mother told reporters Please, please help us find our daughter, shes a wonderful girl ... shes only seven. allow her come back. (www.crimelibrary.com) No mother should ever pick out to beg for her daughters life. People thought that everyone had a right to know if a electric s pass waterr molester was living in their midst. Dick Zimmer, then a state senator in New Jersey, and later a one-term congressman, certainly thought so. It was the dawn of the get-tough-on-crime era, and, with the blessing of the leadership of his Republican Party and support from both sides of the aisle, Zimmer and his colleagues hastily cobbled together a package of bills, which, among other things, required that anyone convicted of a sex offense sustain evaluation. The bills required that the risk sex offenders posed to the community be assessed and that, depending on that assessment, the community be notified. (www.crimelibrary.com) Megans Law was passed and now everyone knew who is a child-molester living in their community.This law provides plenty of positive aspects. The law not only protects the children but it takes away the rights of the violator which to some, is a good thing. This man has committed unspeakable acts and deserves to have these rights taken away. After all he is a monster. Every child ought to have the right to grow up in our state without the fear of creation sexually abused. The damage inflicted on a child by sexual abuse is incalculable. No amount of money can buy enough intervention to remove the scars. (Freeman). It may seem as though their freedoms are creation taken away but it is only to ensure the safety of children. Because the pare nts are being informed of the presence of child molesters, it can prevent many horrible things from happening to their children. It comes down to simple things such as Who are you playing with? and digest where I can see. They may seem like normal things a parent may regularize to their child but in actuality can scavenge them from emotional damage or even death. (Freeman). Ev... ...ent for anyone who does anything so horrible, but this works just as good. Depending on the kind of neighborhood they live in, they can have the kind of neighbors who will ignore them and not acknowledge their presence or the kind who will let them know what an evil person they are. If I had psyche living in the same neighborhood as my children, I know for a fact that I would make my presence known. Harassment may not be the moral thing to do, but if your childs well being is at stake, morals do not really apply. Some say it may be instigating trouble, but really you are just letting them know what you think and what you would do to them if they ever came anywhere near your kid. Works CitedAmoroso, bloody shame Knowing the Sex Offenders in Your NeighborhoodThe Record (Bergen County, NJ) 3 January 2002Crimelibrary.com http//www.crimelibrary.com 26 February 20055Freeman, David Childrens Right to SafetyThe Kentucky Post (Covington, KY) 15 January 1996Leave Megans Law Alone EditorialThe Star-Ledger (Newark, NJ) 15 October 2004Nj.govhttp//www.nj.gov 26 February 2005Umberger, Mary Megans Law Now Real Estate DebateThe Seattle Times (Seattle, WA) 22 November 1998

Comparing Gender-Crossing in Girlfight and Billy Elliot :: Compare Contrast Comparison Essays

Comparing Gender-Crossing in Girlfight and Billy ElliotIt seems that the year 2000 was one full of gender-bending films, including Girlfight, starring Michelle Rodriguez. This movie was more or less Diana, a troubled teenage girl from the projects of New York City. Sent on an errand for her father one day, Diana discovers the secret world of boxing at a secondary school in Brooklyn. She watches her brother unenthusiastically box in the ring, and then tries to convince the coach to work with her. With time, she starts competing with other lightweights - both virile and female. With this newfound confidence, she pulls herself together at school and is able to stay out of trouble.Also made in 2000 was Billy Eliot, starring Jamie Bell, about a boy in Northern England who schleps to every week boxing classes only to encounter reoccurring defeat in the ring, similar to Dianas brother Tiny in Girlfight. One day, a bunch of tutu-ed girls and their sour instructor perplex sharing the spa ce at the gym. All of sudden, Billy becomes hopelessly passionate about dance. Like Diana, Billy rejects conventional gender roles but must incubate his new love from his chauvinistic father.The parallels between Girlfight and Billy Elliot are uncanny. Both Diana and Billy enter sports that are not typical for their genders but somehow suffer inspiration from the love of their deceased mothers and withstand the rejection from the rest of society. Furthermore, each film ends with triumph - Diana wins the match against her boyfriend, and Billy becomes a ballet star and flies across the stage as the male lead in Swan Lake. Both individuals have tread against the conventions of society. And ironically, in both films, boxing is seen as the epitome of male sport.What happens in the real world, when individuals enter sports not traditional for their genders? Certainly, it seems that both films revealed realistic outcomes for gender crossing in sports, although Girlfight and Billy Elliot seemed to focus only on the shun social and cultural implications of gender crossing in sports.First of all, gender roles are a very important issue. According to Dianas father and most of the coaches workings at the gym, boxing was a mans sport. In the film Girlfight, Diana was only seen fighting one other girl, while all of her other competitors were male. Furthermore, Diana was the only female practicing at the Brooklyn boxing gym. For anyone walking into the gym, the idea that boxing is in the male realm become perpetuated.

Outline of Marriage in the Victorian Era Essay -- Victorian Era

Outline of espousal in the prissy EraIn the Victorian era, marriage was not as romanticized or fairytale-like as depicted in many novels of the time. On the contrary, love actu anyy played a very pocket-size role in the majority of matrimonies that took place. An engagement was entered into as one would approach a business deal, and there were some generally accepted rules and guidelines to follow.The Rules * It was illegal to follow your deceased wifes sister. You could marry first cousins, but attitudes changed towards the end of the 19th century, and this became frowned upon. * Victorians were encouraged to marry within the same class (remember the views on brotherly mobility). They could marry up, but to marry down meant marrying beneath yourself (Soames). * A woman entering into the institute of marriage had to be equipped with a dowry. The husband-to-be had to prove that he could support his new bride in the lifestyle she was accustomed to. * An unmarried woman could inherit money and property after she reached the age of 21, but once married, all control would revert to her husband. A woman could not have a will for her own personal possessions since the control was in her husbands power, he could distribute her property in any way he likes, even to his illegitimate children (if he has any). * Women married because they had a lack of options they were not formerly educated, and were simply instructed in domestic duties. They needed someone to support them, and were encouraged to marry and have children (The Rules of Marriage).The Courtship * Marriage was a carefully contemplated subject for a woman since she would lose control over any possessions once married, it was not somethin... ...and helped to strengthen the family line, divorce was neither economically or socially practical. It would guarantee the family losing some of its strength and influence by giving up property and wealth.Works CitedMarriage and Divorce in Victorian England. Charlottes Web A Hypertext on Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre. .The Rules of Marriage in the Victorian Era. .Soames, Enoch. Marriage in the Victorian Era. The Charlocks Shade. 18 February 2004. Wells, Richard A. Manners Culture and Dress of the Best American Society. King, Richardson, & Co. Publishers. Springfield, MA. 1893. .

Eric Arthur Blair :: essays research papers

Eric Blairs fictional name was George Orwell , bornJune 25,1903 in Motihari, India . At that time India was part of the BritishEmpire(Orwell page 1 of 4). This was near the twisting of the century, so notmany people could afford to move to India with out the BritishEmpire(Orwell pg. 1 of 4). Erics father Richard Blair was an agent of theOpium Department of the Indian Civil Service.Blairs Grandfather served inthe Indian Army for sometime before Blairs birth. His family was not verywealthy Blair later described them as lower-upper-middle class(Orwellpg.1of 4). In fact, they owned no property or held any investment whats soever. When Eric was about 8 his family move back to England and moved toa town called Henley, although his father still worked in India. Beingmiddle-class, going to school was tough however, his parents sent him to aprivate school in Sussex at the tender age of 8. By the time he was 13 he hadreceived a scholarship to Wellington, and soon after another to Eaton, th efamous humankind school(Orwell pg.1 of 4). After being forced to be good inschool, he was not interested in anymore further mental motion(Orwellpg. 1 of 4). So he decided to go with his private ambition, to write. At thebeginning he writes At the age of five or six he knew that he wouldbe-must be a writer(Orwell pg1 of 4). He made up his mind fast unlike manyother writers. However, to be a writer hotshot has to read literature. However, atEaton English Lit. was not a major subject, because most boys that went toEaton came from backgrounds either irremediably unliterary or so literarythat to enlighten them English lit would be absurd(Orwell pg.1 of 4).Although he wanted to become a writer he finished 138th of 167(Orwell pg.2 of 4). After this he decided to join the Indian imperial Police however, helater left after 5 years in service. This was distracting him from his mainlifestyle, a writer and because wished to escape from every carcass of mansdominion over man(Orwell pg . 2 of 4). In London he settled down into agrotty bedroom(Orwell pg.2 of 4). And started to teach himself how towrite. He was now twenty-four and week after week he remained in hisunheated bedroom(Orwell pg. 2 of 4). It was so cold that he thawed hisdetention over a candle when they became to numb to write(Orwell pg. 2 of 4).