Oedipus the King by Sophocles - 1393 Words

Sophocles’ play, Oedipus the King, has risen many questions concerning the main character and whether or not he acts on free will or if his future is predestined by the gods. I am going to test the theory that although Oedipus believes he is acting on his own free will, he is in fact a victim of the gods. I will analyze several different sources that discuss fate and human agency in Oedipus the King and then proceed to build my original argument on the archaic debate. There has been a great deal of criticism on the topic of fate versus human agency in Oedipus the King. In 1968, Herbert Weil Jr. argued that Oedipus cannot be labeled as â€Å"innocent† due to ignorance as many scholars have tried to claim. Weil discusses how both Oedipus and Laius were told the truth directly from the oracle and any ignorance seen from either character would therefore be self-willed. Weil is also the only source I could locate that points out how Oedipus claims to not believe or rely on oracles. However, when the city of Thebes is plagued and the priest requests that someone be sent to the oracle at Delphi, Oedipus reveals that he has already sent Creon to visit the prophet. This scene reveals to the audience that although Oedipus proclaims that all prophecies are false, he still relies on the oracles enough to turn to them during Thebes’ plague (Weil). Laszlo Versà ©nyi is the author of â€Å"Oedipus: Tragedy of Self-Knowledge†. Versà ©nyi states, â€Å"The play is a tragedy not of divine fate but of humanShow MoreRelatedOedipus The King By Sophocles848 Words   |  4 PagesOedipus the King, written by Sophocles, follows the tragic story of a king named Oedipus who goes from an all-powerful ruler to a hopeless blind peasant. Oedipus the King was written as a play and performed in front of an audience. Sophocles shows in Oedipus the King that one cannot escape the fate of the gods. Throughout the play Oedipus struggles to find a solution and change all the troubles in his life. The play observes the story of Oedipus who defies the gods and through the journey experiencesRead MoreSophocles Oedipus The King1714 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"ideal tragedy† is the play â€Å"Oedipus the King† written by Sophocles. In this play, Sophocles utilizes the concept of tragedy as well the theory of the importance of scenes of recognition and reversal to create a setting, tone, and mood throughout the play. Oedipus, the mythi cal king of Thebes, goes through a horrendous tragedy which includes moments of recognition and reversal. These moments are key to the fame and appreciation for the play, â€Å"Oedipus the King†. Sophocles’ use of Aristotle’s conceptsRead MoreSophocles Oedipus The King884 Words   |  4 PagesKing of Thebes, owner of a family tree that identically resembles Medusa on a bad hair day, and the inspiration for a psychologically-riveting complex, Oedipus, tragic hero of Sophocles’ Oedipus the King, exposes troubling truths about the human condition and, acting as an exemplary precaution for the entirety of humanity, demonstrates how a self-destructive struggle between love, anger, and fate, conveyed through an unorthodox love affair between mother and son (Who gets custody in a divorce?),Read MoreSophocles Oedipus The King992 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout tragedies in Greek literature, the hero always has one tragic flaw. In Sophocles’ Oedipus the King, Oedipus’ main flaw is his overactive hubris, which in turn clouds his overall judgment. This is evident in the Chorus’ first ode to the city of Thebes as they try to ask the Gods for the banishment of the plague. Their answer does not come from a deity, but from Oedipus himself as he enters the palace and says, â€Å"You have prayed; and you prayers shall be answered with help and release ifRead MoreOedipus The King By Sophocles950 Words   |  4 PagesThe people throughout Oedipus’ life trues very hard to allow him to escape his fate of killing his father and then marrying his mother. In the epic poem Oedipus the King, Sophocles tells the story of the tragic downfall of Oedipus. Although many people see the role of free will that brought upon Oedipus’ doom, no matter what choices were made throughout his life, his ultimate fate would always return. The choices made at the beginning of Oedipus’ life set him up to fulfill his prophecy. His parentsRead MoreOedipus The King By Sophocles904 Words   |  4 Pages In Sophocles play â€Å"Oedipus the King† a deadly plague has descended upon the kingdom of Thebes, and because of this plague a dark and iniquitous secret begins to unravel itself only to reveal a web of events connecting Oedipus and others as the culprits behind all the havoc ensued. No one is the sole source responsible for the unfortunate events that befall Thebes, as well as the royal family; In fact, those who unknowingly paved the path of destruction were themselves trying to prevent it fromRead MoreSophocles Oedipus The King Essay1960 Words   |  8 Pages This would have been excellent advice for the main character in Sophocles drama, Oedipus the King. However, the drama was written as a result of Sophocles life and the influence of the humanistic culture in which he lived. Throughout Sophocles life, he gained military knowledge as the son of a wealthy armor manufacturer and received an excellent Greek education with emphasis on Homeric poetry (textbook). Furthe rmore, Sophocles was very involved in politics and served as a treasurer, a generalRead MoreOedipus The King, By Sophocles1407 Words   |  6 PagesWhen we think about a tragic play or protagonist, most people would think Shakespeare for his common theme of his plays to end with a tragedy. In Oedipus the King, written by Sophocles, tells the tale of the protagonist Oedipus. Throughout the play, Oedipus searched for his past to discover the reason why his kingdom is plagued with wilting crops and illnesses. In the end, he becomes a tragic protagonist after discovering his past was related to the previous king’s death. While the search progressedRead MoreSophocles Oedipus The King871 Words   |  4 PagesThe plays written by Sophocles, â€Å"Oedipus the King â€Å"and â€Å"Antigone† are bodies of work displayed the meaning of what Aristotle defined as a tragedy. â€Å"Oedipus the King† is a story of a king trying to avoid the fate of his life that has been p rophesized before his birth. In â€Å"Antigone† is story of a girl who devoted to her family, and regardless of the orders made the king Creon. In these stories the archetypes and hamartia of Antigone and Oedipus play a major role in the story. In â€Å"Antigone† the characterRead MoreSophocles Oedipus The King2037 Words   |  9 PagesSophocles’s Oedipus the King features a chorus that sings several odes over the course of the play. In Sophocles’s play, the chorus is composed of old Theban men and represents the population of Thebes as a whole. The chorus recites a parodos, four stasima, and a brief exodus. Through the choral odes, Sophocles reflects on the events and motifs of the play, including piety and faith in the Gods, the inevitability and the uncertainty of fate, and the dichotomy of right and wrong. After Sophocles establishes

The Westerner vs “The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky” Free Essays

Claire Schneider Joseph Libis English 1002 May 30, 2009 Two works of Literature, â€Å"The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky†, the short story, and â€Å"The Westerner†, the film, try to convey the civilization of the old west, which allows for settlement and development of traditional American values, which are associated with honest and hard working people in the West Texas frontier. Although, one of these works does a better job of conveying overall theme. Between â€Å"The Bride comes to Yellow Sky† and â€Å"The Westerner†, I would say that â€Å"The Westerner did a better job of civilizing on the Western frontier. We will write a custom essay sample on The Westerner vs â€Å"The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky† or any similar topic only for you Order Now Throughout the film, it seemed as they were always arguing with each other, but in the end Jane Ellen Mathews, and Carl Hardin became friends. One way to prove this would be that Carl had said that he thought Jane Ellen’s hair was the most beautiful hair he had ever seen. He wanted to keep a lock of her hair. To me, that says a lot if you want to keep a lock of some ones hair. There was a scene in which there was a play in which Judge Roy Bean purchased all of the tickets for. Before the play began, Carl Hardin appeared, and they started to have a shooting match. I’m not sure what the reason was. After a long match, they both decided to call it even and make up. It’s always great when movies wind up having a great ending. Two of the characters, Jane Ellen, and Carl Hardin, wanted to have a home together. In Bride Comes to Yellow Sky, two people have just gotten married, and are on board a train to Yellow Sky. When they arrive back in Yellow Sky, they rush towards Jack Potter’s house, but they see, on their way six men sitting at a bar, and a man comes out and announces that Scratchy Wilson has been drinking again. In the very beginning of â€Å"The Westerner† there were men sitting at a bar drinking. This would be one similarity that the two works of literature share. How to cite The Westerner vs â€Å"The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky†, Papers

Documentary Film Primarily Documents

Question: Discuss about theDocumentary for Film Primarily Documents. Answer: Introduction: According to Sherman (2015), a documentary film primarily documents reality for the purpose of edutainment and preservation of history. The Polish filmmaker and writer Boleslaw Matuszewski first identified the genre. As discussed by Chapman (2007), his books A New Source of History and Animated Photography, published in 1898 in French Language highlighted the value of documentary. Over the ages, filmmakers have shown interest in documentary and their experiments have enriched the history of world cinema. In this essay, one of the finest documentaries Nanook of the North by John Grierson will be analyzed based on documentary as a genre and the particular mode of documentary filmmaking technique used by Grierson to channelize his ideas. Documentary as a Genre As discussed by Chapman (2007), to understand the difference between a fiction feature film and a non-fiction documentary one must identify the components that outline the features of a documentary. These are as follows: Story telling Information Factual and fictional conventions Narration Mis-en-scene Character Rhetoric Journalistic conventions- interviews/ subjects Curatorial/History- archives and records According to Walker (2013), the documentary Nanook of the North includes all these elements. However, the contemporary documentaries utilize the new age technologies and Medias to address various socio-cultural, economical and political issues of the day. The objective of a documentary, as analyzed by Michael Renov in his book Toward a poetics of Documentary, has four modalities: Record, reveal or preserve Persuade or promote Analyze or interrogate Express As discussed by Juhasz Lebow (2015), Nanook of the North records the real events in the lives of the characters in the North Pole through which it reveals their struggle for survival. Further discussion will focus on the use of this mode by Flaherty to evoke the thought present in the content. According to Barclay (2015), John Flaherty documented through this film the lives of the Eskimos. It was in the years from 1910 to 1916 when he set out to make an expedition in place of Sir William Mackenzie and ended up by making this famous documentary. During this expedition, he lived with three Eskimos in the North Pole. All his experiences and findings found voice in the format of the genre profoundly. A detailed analysis of the particular mode that he has used which is the documentation of the true-life stories will justify the relation between the content and various components of documentary filmmaking. ("Nanook of the North - Best quality (HD) - Nanook el Esquimal HD - Full", 2016) The Mis-en-scene of the movie, i.e. the setting is North Pole of the planet. In the barren and desolate islands, Nanook and his family live struggle for survival. The condition is extreme because of too much coldness. The vast place breeds moss which they burn to warm themselves. The scarcity of food has made their struggles even tougher. Sometimes they get to eat salmon fish; otherwise, they have to hunt polar bear and Walrus for food. All these struggles are contradicted with the humanity found in them. It is not always that they live a humans life but all the time they remain cheerful, and care for each another. Nanook of the North and Performative Mode of Documentary Filmmaking As discussed by McClintock (2015), whereas Renov identified four documentary modes, Bill Nichols had categorized five modes of documentary filmmaking styles. Nanook of the North can be viewed as applying the Performative Mode of documentary. The priority of this style is to project an atmosphere in which all the characters act. The depiction of a particular mood of the atmosphere is what the style aims at. In the Nanook of the North, Flaherty focuses mainly on the vastness of the land, the desolation, and the emotions of the characters, their actions and reactions. According to Winston (2013), another aspect of the performative style is that it presents the reality in an expressive and stylized way to evoke the mood. The Mis-en-scene is the focus here. The performative style used in Nanook of the North will now be explored. Locale: the film ends with the display of vastness of the barren land. During the fight scene of Nanook and his followers with the Walrus Flahertys setting was the half-frozen lake only. Rarely did he show anything other than ice or half-frozen water. Character: At the very beginning, the close up shot of the people smiling at the camera evocatively establishes the inner nature of their soul. These people live with nature, with other animals and this is portrayed when the child and the dog in captured in the same frame. The way they eat after a long fight with the Walrus is portrayed in a stylistic way by focusing the camera only on the actor and his action. There is one scene in which the mother carries her child on her back. The viewers can understand their struggle from this scene. The smiling face of the child after sipping the castor oil, Nanooks happy face after hunting the salmon evoke the true nature of the Eskimos. Prop: Flaherty has used the boat as a prop. This is an expressive way to describe their struggle. By using this almost torn boat they sail through the half-frozen lake to search their food, they also use it to cross the lakes. Without this boat, Nanook has no other way of conveyance. The struggle is so hard that they carry as many people as many people as possible, even if it is quite an impossible task. Flaherty has shown how they stitch the torn areas of this boat with salmon flesh. Costume: All the characters wear heavy woolen dress. Sometimes they shiver due to the extreme coldness, yet they have no other cloth to wear. Actions: At the backdrop of such a setting, all the characters perform their regular duties. They interact with one another, although silently, yet it brings out the regular struggle of their livelihood. Conclusion Robert. J. Flaherty made this documentary at a time when cinema had not developed much and documentary style had started grabbing the eyeballs. Despite all the technological depravity, Flaherty dared to show the true-life stories of the Eskimos. The contradiction between the struggle and the true nature of these people is a successful application of Flaherty. Through this expressive and stylized mode, he achieved his desired objectives. Over the ages, this documentary is been analyzed and discussed as one of the finest documentaries of World Cinema. The discussion made in this assignment has tried to relate how the performative style enabled Robert Flaherty to project the lives of the Eskimos. Reference Barclay, B. (2015).Our own image. University of Minnesota Press. Chapman, J. (2007).Documentary in practice: filmmakers and production choices. Polity. Juhasz, A., Lebow, A. (Eds.). (2015).A companion to contemporary documentary film. John Wiley Sons. McClintock, M. A. (2015).Performative non-fiction film and the future landscape of documentary filmmaking(Doctoral dissertation, Montana State University-Bozeman, College of Arts Architecture). Nanook of the North - Best quality (HD) - Nanook el Esquimal HD - Full. (2016). YouTube. Retrieved 31 August 2016, from https://youtu.be/uoUafjAH0cg Sherman, S. R. (2015).Documenting ourselves: Film, video, and culture. University Press of Kentucky. Walker K. L., (2013). I have beene a reall Actor: Analyzing the Writings of John Smith Through the Lens of Performative Documentary Theory. Winston, B. (2013).The documentary film book. British Film Institute.

Organizations Defining Vision an Example of the Topic All Posts by

Organizations Defining Vision ABSTRACT "Write the vision and make it plain on tablets, that he may run who reads it", (Habakkuk 2:2) Christian business owners move daily in a world where many are motivated by greed and fear while they attempt to struggle with the principles of supply and demand. The world today exercises biblical principles every day but perhaps unknowingly by following the words of this verse. The instructions from that passage plainly state the necessity of a vision and the importance of writing it down. Need essay sample on "Organizations Defining Vision" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Many Christians wrestle with the clash of values as soon as they arrive to work. Since church and state have been officially divided there is noted resistance in mixing religion with business however, today in the face of a work environment that lacks ethical behavior the question is raised to reconsider this controversial issue. Now more than ever the implementation of Christian values and beliefs to a company's vision statement is important. Identifying and communicating a clear vision is one of the most important functions to perform. Creating a clear and effective vision delivers many benefits to the business. A clear vision helps to define the values of the company and its employees. A strong vision also will lead to increased productivity within the organization. INTRODUCTION Unfortunately, today unethical behavior in the business world is often times the norm. Now more than ever the need to incorporate Christian principles in the vision statement of companies is not a choice, but necessary. Many worldly companies unknowingly have loosely placed Christian values in their company's plans and mission statements but fail to exercise their actions. It is imperative for a leader to have a clear vision for their companies and develop a strong and strategic plan to increase the possibilities of accomplishing organizational objective. A vision is basically an idea of what the future of a business or organization may look like, and is a combination of three basic elements. It must first describe the organization's fundamental reason for existing beyond the hope of financial profit. In addition, it should consist of timeless and unchanging core values, as well as, a big picture of what the future should look like. The vision of a company defines who and what the bu siness is about, why it exists, and where it is going. MPLEMENTING CHRISTIAN VALUES The question has to be asked before beginning, what does a good vision for a company look like? It should possess the following: 1. Clearly identifies the direction and purpose of the company 2. Builds loyalty through employee involvement 3. Sets standards of excellence that reflect high ideals and a sense of integrity. 4. Should be persuasive and believable 5. Inspire enthusiasm in the company and encourages employee commitment 6. Needs to be well articulated and easily understood 7. Should fit with the unique culture and values of the business 8. Reflect the company's unique strength There is one universal rule of planning the vision and that is "you will never be greater than the vision that guides you". Upon preparing a vision it is foolish not to consider the employees who will be bringing it from paper to life. The leader must examine their capabilities, aspirations and performance to create a plan that allows them to stretch and grow in addition to considering the primary goal of the company. It is important to remember that core values cannot be forced on individuals. Core values should define the business and what it stands for. In order to identify the core values of the business, consider the ideals and values held dear. If from the onset the goal is to incorporate Christian principles in the business, clearly define how they must be applied. Christian businesses should stand out automatically so one of the primary goals should include being an example in the field of choice. If Christian principles are applied, then there should be a definite distinction that would set you apart from businesses of the world. Another important thought would be to make objective and wise decisions. It is important to consider all issues before making a rash decision. This is just plain business sense and most businesses operate under this ideal. The one particular act that my set the Christian company apart from many would be the driving motivation to show outstanding personal and corporate integrity. Many companies have pretty words describing the exact same thing, however, in the midst of the company there are unspoken deals, thievery and deception occurring on a daily basis. In all that is done, it is important to demonstrate fairness, care and accountability. There was a time when every company offered a guarantee and stood behind their product. Many times today there is no warranty or if there is the time period is extremely short or there is a need for additional money to assure the product the customer has already paid for works. A Christian company should always base their business on biblical principles. Throughout the Bible there are basic instructions on the behavior that is not just acceptable but commanded of a Christian. Throughout the Scriptures it teaches people to love everyone and to treat others fairly. In fact, this is considered the second most important commandment. If a business chooses to announce to the world that it is a Christian business, then it is imperative to base business dealings on that foundation. Extensive research has revealed that a great majority of successful businesses possess the common denominator of a devotion to ethical and spiritual principles. There is a basic principle in the Bible that simply states whatever is reaped is what has been sown. This basically states that following Godly principles by showing love and concern for others will bring about positive results. Another principle in the Bible is to follow the example of Jesus and become a servant. A Christian business must be ready to serve the public. It should be a definite decision to consider the level of customer service that will be offered. There appears to be a serious decline in the delivery of excellent customer service. A Christian company must consider the way it deals with the customer. Many times it is simply the absence of common courtesy that separates good customer service from bad. Sometimes when making the decision to live and work by Christian principles can be an isolating experience. It's not always popular in the world today to rule your actions by Christian guidelines. In spite of the opposition it is important to remember that in all you do, most likely the view of your actions will be closely considered. Because of this before implementing any action within the company consider if your actions can be justified by man and more importantly, before God. Many times there is the temptation that no one may ever know about something that is done in the dark because there will always be opportunities that will be tempting to sacrifice Christian principles. This is especially true when dealing with contracts and legal documents. Even though it's possible to hide many things in "legal jargon", it is said that whatever is done in the dark will come to light and consider the reputation the company would have in this case. When forming the vision, many people often create a Mission Statement. In fact it is highly recommended that this should be done. Once the goal is clearly defined a leader must be able to articulate the vision in short, concise statements. Many companies require their employees to memorize the Mission Statement, as well as have it displayed throughout the building to remind the workers what the company stands for. Also, a customer can tell from this one statement what the business stands for. When creating a Mission Statement, the following should be remembered: 1. Include the fundamental beliefs of the company. 2. Should be future oriented and must portray the company as it will be. 3. The statement must focus on one common purpose. 4. This statement must not be a generalized statement but specific to the organization. 5. It is imperative to express the thoughts in a short statement that is not longer than one or two sentences. When developing the vision that is based on Christian principles, it is important to steer clear of tradition. Many times it is required to do something that doesn't follow tradition. In these cases it is imperative to remember that outside of tradition doesn't mean outside of God's law; the action must line up with Scripture. When creating a vision there must not be a fear of being ridiculed. Many times being a Christian and doing what is taught to be the right thing could bring on ridicule. It is important to remember to stay focused and concentrate on the goal. Another negative to consider avoiding would be short-term thinking. When faced with a decision don't get caught up in "putting out the fire at hand" but think of how the decision will affect the company in the future. CONCLUSION Most company will operate based on a vision created by the leader. Management should have a clear picture of what they expect from employees and what they should strive for according to the plan. It is often this vision that defines the organization's reason for existing. The vision normally begins with a set of strong personal core values representative of the owner. If an owner chooses to base his business on Christian values the best tool to utilize is the Bible. It is full of scriptures to support the business owner's stand to act according to the word of God. Nehemiah had plans before he successfully built the wall in record times, as quoted earlier we are instructed to write the vision and make it plain. In addition, it is asked what person doesn't sit down and consider the cost of a venture, in other words it is consistent throughout the word that a Christian should have a plan. The world has operated on this Christian principle for years and as a result many companies end up taking a place in the impressive Fortune 500 group. Major corporations implement Christian values but disguise it with words. While some may feel uncomfortable with the mixing of faith and business, others appreciate the opportunity to conduct business with a group of people who aspire to not only put the words on paper but, actually strive to meet higher standards. It is refreshing to know that a customer's satisfaction means something to a company. Sometimes conducting business as a Christian may mean a loss of profit but it's at these time owners know as long as the right thing is done according to God's law, something else somewhere will balance that loss. In conclusion Isaiah 32:8 says it well, "But a noble man makes noble plans, and by noble deeds he stands". REFERENCES Blanchard, Ken. Creating Your Organizations Future: Full Steam Ahead. Change Facilitation, Creating an Organization's Vision, 2005. Dolak, Dave. Creating and Communicating Vision: The Business Leaders PrimaryResponsibility. 2001. Ryrie, Charles, Ryrie Study Bible, Expanded Edition, Zondervan Publishing House, 1973.

Elizabeth I. essays

Elizabeth I. essays Elizabeth Tudor was born at Greenwich palace on September 7th in 1533 as the daughter of Henry VIII and his second wife Anne Boldeyn who was executed on may 19th when Elizabeth was only two years old. She had inherited intelligence, determination and shrewdness from both of her parents. She also spoke six languages fluently which showed that she was very well-educated. To become Queen the daughter of Henry VIII had to face some difficulties. Catholics doubted Elizabeths claim to the throne because they saw Mary, who was the Queen of the Scots, as the true Queen of England. Thats were the conflict between her and Elizabeth lay. Cause of too many conspiracies against Elizabeth I. by Catholics who wanted her on the throne Mary was executed. Elizabeth became Queen of England in November of 1558 at age 25. She is known as The Virgin Queen, Good Queen Bess and Gloriana. She swore and spat whenever she was angry and her speeches were difficult to understand because of her missing teeth. Although she entertained marriage proposals and liked to flirt Elizabeth chose not to get married. She was a selfless woman who sacrificed personal happiness for the good of the nation to which she was married. Gloriana thought that if she had chosen a foreign prince he would have drawn England into foreign policies for his own advantages. She also felt that marrying a fellow country man could have drawn her into factional infighting. Her 44 years and 4 months reign is known as one of the most glorious in English history. Elizabeths first task of business was to eliminate religious unrest. During her reign the Church of England was established. Its doctrines were written down in 39 articles of 1563 which was a compromise between Roman Catholicism and Protestantism.Her church settlement saved England from religious wars. The Queen of England had many Catholic enemies and it was not safe for her to travel around the count...

The History of Chinese Chopsticks

The History of Chinese Chopsticks Chopsticks play an important role in Chinese food culture. Chopsticks are called Kuaizi in Chinese and were called Zhu in ancient times (see the characters above). Chinese people have been using kuaizi as one of the main tableware for more than 3,000 years. History of Chopsticks It was recorded in Liji (The Book of Rites) that chopsticks were used in the Shang Dynasty (1600 BC - 1100 BC). It was mentioned in Shiji (the Chinese history book) by Sima Qian (about 145 BC) that Zhou, the last king of the Shang Dynasty (around 1100 BC), used ivory chopsticks. Experts believe the history of wood or bamboo chopsticks can be dated to about 1,000 years earlier than ivory chopsticks. Bronze chopsticks were invented in the Western Zhou Dynasty (1100 BC - 771 BC). Lacquer chopsticks from the Western Han (206 BC - 24 AD) were discovered in Mawangdui, China. Gold and silver chopsticks became popular in the Tang Dynasty (618 - 907). It was believed that silver chopsticks could detect poisons in food. Materials to Make Them Chopsticks can be classified into five groups based on the materials used to make them, i.e., wood, metal, bone, stone, and compound chopsticks. Bamboo and wood chopsticks are the most popular ones used in Chinese homes. How Not to Use Your Chopsticks There are a few things to avoid when using chopsticks. Chinese people usually dont beat their bowls while eating, since the behavior used to be practiced by beggars. Also dont insert chopsticks in a bowl upright because it is a custom exclusively used in sacrifice. If you are really interested in chopsticks, you may want to visit the Kuaizi Museum in Shanghai. The museum collected over 1,000 pairs of chopsticks. The oldest one was from the Tang Dynasty.

The purpose of food protection and safety Research Paper

The purpose of food protection and safety - Research Paper Example This has been taking root in developing countries due to parasite stimulated food borne illnesses, and presence of many industries that lead to emission of chemical into water sources contributing to the high level of food borne diseases. These factors have led to the formation of rules relating to food protection, and tribal and local agencies to inspect and oversee food establishment, to ensure food protection. The purpose of food protection is essentially to control the number of patients who undergo diagnostics related to poor food protection. This has been through the introduction of models of the food code, program evaluation and scientifically-based guidance. This is in regard to a study carried out by Knechtges (2012). The aim of this food protection strategy is to ensure that people are productive, rather than getting ill from food related health complications, which retards national development. Food protection is purposeful to ensure that there is no burden on communities and their health systems. This is because food contamination leads to a colossal economic and social burden on the people who suffer from the complication and those that care for the sick. This is because – according to a research study by NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Advances in Food Security and Safety against Terrorist Threats and Natural Disasters & Hefnawy (2011) – there is an indication that thirty five billion US dollars were set to cater for medical costs thus causing loss of productivity. Food protection has also to protect the reputation of a nation. This is because illnesses arising from food contamination like cholera and typhoid demean a country in that; it cannot protect its nationalities from food related diseases, hence the country cannot be helpful in terms of regional cooperation and exchanges (Thomasson, 2009). This is due to the suspicion that the foods they sell are not pure. Food protection through biotechnology measures such as crop

Enhancing a Home Computer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Enhancing a Home Computer - Essay Example Buying a new one is quite expensive and is a waste of money if one already has a computer that is functioning well; in this case, upgrading the computer system seems to be a favorable option. A few changes here and there, and a computer system will be ready to take on any game to provide computer users with a better gaming experience (Kohler 234). Mostly, the problem experienced by gamers while gaming is the speed of the game; the games require higher amount of speed and the computer can only afford to provide a limited amount of speed. This happens because the Ram (Random Access Memory) of a particular gamer’s personal computer is lesser than the amount of space required to run a particular game. In this scenario, the gamer has to change the RAM of his/her personal computer. The RAM level should be higher than the desired amount of RAM required. Switching RAMs is quite easy and is less expensive than changing the entire personal computer. The current version of upgraded RAM on which the current high quality games are based and designed is DDR3; a 4GB RAM of DDR3 only costs around 50 pounds (Vandome 310). Just a small expense of 50 pounds, and the computer will be ready to help one play high quality games. Upgrade of RAM is not the only thing required to play high quality PC games; games now even require high quality video cards. Both RAM and video cards operate together to give a user the best experience of a particular game. The choice of video card depends on one’s pocket size; this means one’s willingness to spend money and the kind of games one wants to play (Dukish 210). If a particular game requires a gaming video card, it can not be played on a ordinary VGA card. Currently, the best available video cards for a gamer to make his PC a gaming paradise are GTX 460 and 570 (Debevec 125). The 460 one is much expensive than the

History of Gladiatorial Games Essay Example for Free

History of Gladiatorial Games Essay History of gladiatorial games Origins Early literary sources seldom agree on the origins of gladiators and the gladiator games.[1] In the late 1st century BC, Nicolaus of Damascus believed they were Etruscan.[2] A generation later, Livy wrote that they were first held in 310 BC by the Campanians in celebration of their victory over the Samnites.[3] Long after the games had ceased, the 7th century AD writer Isidore of Seville derived Latin lanista (manager of gladiators) from the Etruscan word for executioner, and the title of Charon (an official who accompanied the dead from the Roman gladiatorial arena) from Charun, psychopomp of the Etruscan underworld. [4] Roman historians emphasized the gladiator games as a foreign import, most likely Etruscan. This preference informed most standard histories of the Roman games in the early modern era.[5] Reappraisal of the evidence supports a Campanian origin, or at least a borrowing, for the games and gladiators.[6] The earliest known Roman gladiator schools (ludi) were in Campania.[7] Tomb frescoes from Paestum (4th century BC) show paired fighters, with helmets, spears and shields, in a propitiatory funeral blood-rite that anticipates early Roman gladiator games.[8] Compared to these images, supporting evidence from Etruscan tomb-paintings is tentative and late. The Paestum frescoes may represent the continuation of a much older tradition, acquired or inherited from Greek colonists of the 8th century BC.[9] Livy dates the earliest Roman gladiator games to 264 BC, in the early stages of Romes First Punic War against Carthage. Decimus Iunius Brutus Scaeva had three gladiator pairs fight to the death in Romes cattle market Forum (Forum Boarium) to honor his dead father, Brutus Pera. This is described as a munus (plural: munera), a commemorative duty owed the manes of a dead ancestor by his descendants.[10] The gladiator type used (according to a single, later source), was Thracian.[11] but the development of the munus and its gladiator types was most strongly influenced by Samniums support for Hannibal and subsequent punitive expeditions by Rome and her Campanian allies; the earliest and most frequently mentioned type was the Samnite.[12] The war in Samnium, immediately afterwards, was attended with equal danger and an equally glorious conclusion. The enemy, besides their other warlike preparation, had made their battle-line to glitter with new and splendid arms. There were two corps: the shields of the one were inlaid with gold, of the other with silverThe Romans had already heard of these splendid accoutrements, but their generals had taught them that a soldier should be rough to look on, not adorned with gold and silver but putting his trust in iron and in courageThe Dictator, as decreed by the senate, celebrated a triumph, in which by far the finest show was afforded by the captured armour. So the Romans made use of the splendid armour of their enemies to do honour to their gods; while the Campanians, in consequence of their pride and in hatred of the Samnites, equipped after this fashion the gladiators who furnished them entertainment at their feasts, and bestowed on them the name Samnites. (Livy 9.40)[13] Livys account skirts the funereal, sacrificial function of early Roman gladiator combats and underlines the later theatrical ethos of the gladiator show: splendidly, exotically armed and armoured barbarians, treacherous and degenerate, are dominated by Roman iron and native courage.[14] His plain Romans virtuously dedicate the magnificent spoils of war to the Gods. Their Campanian allies stage a dinner entertainment using gladiators who may not be Samnites, but play the Samnite role. Other groups and tribes would join the cast list as Roman territories expanded. Most gladiators were armed and armoured in the manner of the enemies of Rome.[15] The munus became a morally instructive form of historic enactment in which the only honourable option for the gladiator was to fight well, or else die well.

Historical Perspective Essay examples -- Bloody Sunday History Essays

Historical Perspective Unfortunately, all most Americans know about the event known as Bloody Sunday, they learned from U2's smash hit, "Sunday Bloody Sunday." The source of this song's popularity stems from its ability to evoke widespread sympathy for Irish by painting an unforgettable picture of death and despair in the minds of each of its listeners. So what is unfortunate about this song being the primary source of historical knowledge concerning Bloody Sunday for most Americans? It is unfortunate not because of its lack of information or authenticity, but because of its lack of historical perspective. Essayist Jane Tompkins addresses this idea of perspecitivism by citing the changing representation of colonial American Indians in historical texts dating from 1964 to 1978. According to Limerick, in historical texts from the early 1960s, Indians weren't represented at all; they were "simply beneath notice" (65). By the late 1960s Indian culture, albeit "an inferior culture" (65), was finally acknowledged. In the early 1970s Indians "were the more or less innocent prey of the power-hungry whites" (65), but not until 1978 did Indians become "complicated, purposeful human beings, whose lives were spiritually motivated to a high degree" (66). Tompkins argues that because every historical account is a product of its author's perspective, it is important to analyze varying sources, including those of the traditionally under-represented. What I found in my research of Bloody Sunday is that in our efforts to account for the traditionally under-represented perspective, we have absentmindedly omitted the dominant perspective instead. This omission will undoubtedly cause the same problems that omitting the traditionally under-repr... ... Unlimited Special Reports. 20 Oct. 2000. <http://www.guardianunlimited.co.uk/bloodysunday/article/0,2763,184927,00.html>. Limmerick, Patricia Nelson. The Legacy of Conquest. New York and London: W.W. Norton & Company, 1987. 35-54. McClean, Raymond, M.D. The Road to Bloody Sunday. L'Derry, Northern Ireland: Guildhall Press, 1997. 120-130. Morrison, Matt. "Remembering Bloody Sunday." The Irish People. 25 Jan. 1997. 1 Oct. 2000 <http://larkspirit.com/bloodysunday/witness.htm>. Tompkins, Jane. â€Å"’Indians’: Textualism, Morality, and the Problem of History.† in â€Å"Race,† Writing, and Difference. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 1986. 59-77. Winchester, Simon. "13 Killed as Paratroopers Break Riot." Guardian Unlimited Special Reports. 20 Oct. 2000. <http://www.guardianunlimited.co.uk/bloodysunday/article/0,2763,184928,00.html>.

Ethics and Moral Reasoning Essay

Even though living in pain can be a physical and emotional toll on a person’s life, no one can judge or comment on it without knowing how it feels, but choosing to end your life for this cause is ethically wrong. A person should not be able to choose between life and death like it is something normal that we do every day. Dying is not the answer to a person’s problems, pains, or sufferings. Now a day technology and medicine are highly advanced and can cure or reduce the pain of a person with a disease. Choosing to end your life is basically committing suicide and suicide is wrong. First, I believe a person should not be able to choose whether they will live or die because dying will ease the pain and suffering they are experiencing but it is not the answer to their problems. People do not realize that by choosing to die they cause problems, pain and suffering to others. For example, a person may choose to die and have a big medical bill in which his spouse or family will be responsible for and not be able to afford it. Now because of his/her acts this family will be stuck with the financial problems left behind which can cause the person suffering due to financial burdens when they cannot afford it. Then to think on funeral expenses, and how the adults will explain it to children who might be too young to understand why was this chosen. Now a day medicine can cure or reduce the pain of a person with a disease. As I researched on the web I found that because of the â€Å"rapid and dramatic development in medicine and technology professionals have the power to save more lives.† For example, when a person has cancer they undergo chemo and/or radiation. Some people have it with success and kill the cancer cells while others don’t. We also have people with AIDS who can live their life pain and symptom free thanks to medicine they have to ta ke and things they have to undergo. Living with AIDS is a good example on a disease that is terminal and there is no cure for it but there are medicines that can and will help a person live life for many years and with very little to no problems. By ending life with the assistance of a doctor or medicine is basically committing assisted suicide and this is wrong and should not be assisted or encourage. Life is a gift from God and a person should not decide the end of it. Having a doctor assist you and give you medicine to end your life  whether it is to end your pain and suffering from a terminal disease is as bad as putting a gun to your head. I believe that having assisted suicide most people abuse it and think it’s the only way out. Some might even doing in despair or they might be desperate to stop all the pain they are in. Others might feel depressed in knowing they have a disease they might not be able to cure and will eventually die from. Ending a life due to medical issue is morally and ethically wrong and people should let the disease run its course. I don’t know how it is to live in pain and the physical and emotional toll it can have on someone. I cannot judge or comment on any person’s situation but a person should not be able to choose whether they will live or die. I believe it is selfish on their part to choose to end their life and should realize that dying will not stop the problems, pains, or sufferings. It will stop on their part because they will not be here to live it but it would not stop for the family and can even get worse with the death of that person. Medicine and technology are highly advanced and can cure or reduce the pain of a person with a disease. There are many medicines and equipment used to ease, stop and even prevent pain. When a person is choosing to end their life they are basically planning on committing suicide. People should look into the consequences it will bring if t hey do choose to end their life before even mentioning it. References: Assisted Suicide: A Right or a Wrong?. (n.d.). Assisted Suicide: A Right or a Wrong?. Retrieved July 7, 2014, from http://www.scu.edu/ethics/publications/iie/v1n1/suicide.html Physician-assisted Suicide: The Wrong Approach to End of Life Care. (n.d.). Physician-assisted Suicide: The Wrong Approach to End of Life Care. Retrieved July 7, 2014, from http://www.usccb.org/issues-and-action/human-life-and-dignity/assisted-suicide/to-live-each-day/physician-assisted-sucide-wrong-approach.cfm

J. Joyce Clay

James Joyce was a master storyteller who loved to create plot and thematic nature centered on character paralysis. His mastery came in his subtle ability to weave the main characters true essence of paralysis by slowly seeping it into the veins of the reader. Most of Joyce’s collection of stories casts men in the main role where he follows the male protagonist through strife. In Clay, however, the theme follows a woman and her trials of separation—a loss she denies is ever present due to her paralysis. As we attempt to unfold the meaning of James Joyce’s use of paralysis in his classic tale, Clay, one thing stands out. In most other published fiction, Joyce shows a preference to focus on the voice of the male character. Clay, however, is an exception. Here, his central character—the protagonist—is a female. Yet, just because the focus of most of his fiction is set aside for the male sex, does that mean he hopes to glorify this sex? Hardly. We must look into just how Joyce perceived the male character versus the female character in his stories. From one front, we can say that, by-and-large, because his protagonists were male, there was some gender stereotyping going on in the mind of our author. We must, however, look deeply into his use of paralysis as a central theme. This paralysis is not exactly a place people prefer to be. However, many of us can relate to suffering, pain, and loss. These are some of the reasons Joyce’s story Clay is profoundly telling. Another interesting point to consider is this: Was Joyce using men in the starring role as an opportunity to place them on an award-winning podium? Or, was this an opportunity to bash the male gender? So just what was his biased reasoning behind rarely using female protagonists? Did he stereotype the female persona? Were his stories a form of gender racism? In answering this, it is clear that the main character suffered, to varying degrees of emotional, physical, and social discomfort. These characters—male or female—were not something a reader would aspire to. So, just because the role of the female protagonist was rare in a James Joyce story, there is not sound evidence that he preferred the male gender over the female gender. It could be argued, for instance, that his focus on the troubled male was his way of bashing this sex. Surely glory was not an overtone in Clay or many of his other published works of art. So we go to the next question: Did Joyce treat women differently than his male roles? Some can argue that his paralysis-based stories were a chance for Joyce to belittle the female character. In Clay, Maria, our protagonist was viewed as almost distasteful to look at. However, Maria didn’t see it this way. At the very least, we can say that gender role stereotyping was prevalent. In looking at the female voice, we can see that he did place women in the mother/lover/wife role. In the male role position, we see that the character, Joe, is in a much freer position that Maria. Albeit Joe did have a disease of his own: alcoholism. But, Joe was also typecast in the head-of-household role, and the one who others reported to—even though he had a drinking problem. Yet, Maria was the protagonist, so the lead character is, obviously, going to be the sufferer anyway. What’s more important to remember is the fact that James Joyce placed all his characters in debilitating situations. So, sexism doesn’t seem a likely analysis behind the author’s reasoning for creating such one-sided male character-based stories. If someone is looking for a hero or role model, regardless of sex, they will not find it in Clay, or any of his short fiction paralysis-based stories. Joyce had deep reasoning behind staging the story of a maid and how she relates, reacts, and is portrayed by a family who she’s worked with for many years. Paralysis, once again, was Joyce’s underlying motive that created such magic on the page. Upon an initial read of this short classic, there appears to be very little action in the story, with the main thrust coming from emotion and thoughts surrounding Maria—our seemingly wafer-thin female who is loved and respected by those in her life, at least according to Maria. All the characters in the story, in fact, appear to lack any depth. The spiritual epiphany seems to be missing as well. Maria, as transparent as she first appeared, is shown to reveal herself as a charismatic person who has a gift for touching others. Joyce, once again, did this with clever wit. The author loved to move the reader along at a smooth, almost velvety pace. Then, almost out of thin air, he’d add tiny, silent bombs of description that spoke volumes about a character’s past. Maria, for example, is referred to as†¦ a very, very small person indeed but she had a very long nose and a very long chin. She talked a little through her nose, always soothingly†¦ Joyce, here, uses description of Maria’s facial features to tell so much more about her than the dimensions of her nose and chin. We are given a taste of her past: a soft spoken, generous woman who radiated joy in others by her willingness to aid her fellows in need. This radiating joy, however, is something that only Maria perceives. This dysfunctional means of viewing herself as lovely doesn’t become fully apparent until we are through with the story; for Joyce takes this entire process of painting Maria’s emotional state with slow, yet deliberate, remarks. Many times its the way he casts a scene and how the minor characters act or ignore Maria that truly adds color to his theme of paralysis. According to Maria, people saw beyond her less than charismatic nose and chin, seeing her shimmering inner beauty shine forth. It was her actions and unconditional devotion that created her beautiful persona. However, Joyce goes on to use a narrator who works more like a thief. This thief of a narrator tells the tale in a voice that leads the reader off-course so he can hide the wealth of the true theme and moral. For, beyond Maria’s long nose, the narrator goes on to describe Maria as a petite, small-boned and attractive woman. Joyce does this as our Maria—a woman who is valued as reliable, caring, and wise—gains pleasure by marveling over herself in the mirror. Joyce is so subtle that it doesn’t hit the reader until he or she is two or three sentence beyond the scene where Maria gets pleasure out of looking at the soft, gentle slopes of her frame. But only Maria sees herself as lovely. The story opens with positive embellishments by her tea-party friends. They say she is likable and hard-working, a woman with a knack for â€Å"keeping-house. † In effect, this is the minor characters way of patronizing Maria for her inefficiencies and trappings as a maid. Joe, a man she worked for, adds that she holds the standing of a â€Å"proper mother† whom he has formed a deep bond with. Joyce wrote, Mamma is mamma but Maria is my proper mother Joyce, of course, twists things up nicely by adding the fact that Joe has a drinking problem. So, how reliable is he? Yet, even with his joy for booze, Joyce ties it all together with such clarity that the reader is willing to excuse Joe’s drinking problem and accept him as a reliable source when he relates to how Maria has affected him. In comparison to other short stories by James Joyce, this is a rare example of a protagonist suffering from that subliminal paralysis who is actually liked by the other characters. Take Dubliners, for example. In Dubliners, the protagonist is viewed as shallow and lacking integrity. Maria, in contrast, receives preferential treatment by how the other characters voice their opinion of her. True they like her, but they also feel sorry for Maria. This is very empowering yet, at the same time, places the reader on a cliff of wonder. How can this woman who is viewed so highly be suffering from a life-long paralysis? Something is amiss. But what? This is what makes Joyce such a master at toying with paralysis. A more introspective look at Maria reveals the warped perception she sees in herself. How can a woman look at her own long beak of a nose with bulging chin and consider it glamorous? When she laughed, wrote Joyce, her grey-green eyes sparkled with disappointed shyness and the tip of her nose nearly met the tip of her chin. Although the narrative voice is not Maria, per se, we can see that she fancies her own image, as referenced earlier. Maria screens out the fact that it would be a stretch to say that someone was beautiful if the tip of her nose nearly kissed her pointy chin when she laughed. Joyce mentioned that people ignore her in the pastry shop. Plus, when she is on the crowded tram, no one—initially—considers moving over to make a seat for her. Chivalry, back in the morning of the twentieth century, was much more prevalent than it is today. So why would almost every man on the tram offer her no consideration? Furthermore, there is a man who recognizes her and he offers his seat. But he’s a drunk. Even the drunk had stealthy motives: The drunk stole her cake while on the tram, at least this is what could be inferred from the text. So, with careful examination, it becomes very clear that sweet little Maria, is not the person she feels she is. While on the tram, Joyce hit readers with the following description that parallels her life of solitude. She will always be more than one step shy of fitting into the mold of the American middle class. In the following statement, Maria is placed in yet another metaphor where she is going in the wrong direction in her life. Joyce wrote, The tram was full and she had to sit on the little stool at the end of the car, facing all the people, with her toes barely touching the floor. The paralysis becomes more apparent when we analyze Maria’s life as a single woman. She will never marry and is cemented—trapped—into working as a maid for the rest of her life. Joe’s family, somewhat secretly, mock Maria for living the life of a maid†¦. never to be someone’s maiden. In fact, the initial take is that the family truly loves her. As the family gathers, Joe attempts to show some tact by bringing up the notion of everyone should take a drink, just to loosen up. Joe, of course, wants more port, to feed his alcoholic vice. Yet, at the same time he infers that Maria, too, should take a drink. That way she can forget about her sorrowful life. Joe even insists that Maria take a drink. Maria, still blinded by her own faults, refuses the drink. As the story closes, Maria sings a few stanzas of a poem that speak of the fact that she will never live the wealthy life. This singing even brings tears to Joe’s eyes. The reader, once again, is left to wonder this: Is Joe sinking into the depression of alcohol? Or is he feeling sorry for Maria? That is left to the readers’ imagination. One thing is certain, though: Maria will never overcome the paralysis that stymies her.

Financial Statements

Financial Statements Free Online Research Papers Financial statements are important in providing an overview of the company’s financial condition both in short and long term. Financial statements should be understandable, relevant, reliable, and comparable and are used by owners, managers, investors to help them make important business decisions. The audience, purpose, and nature of financial statements and managerial reports will be examined. In addition, the use of financial accounting information in making informed and ethical business decisions will be discussed. What are financial statements? Financial statements are part of a process of financial reporting which provide information about the financial strength, performance, and changes in financial position of a company that is useful in making economic decisions. Financial statements include an income statement, a balance sheet and a cash flow statement and owners and managers require financial statements to assist them in making business decisions that affect the performance of the company (Block Hirt, 2005). Management of the company is primarily responsible for preparing and presenting financial statements of the firm and all reports included the date prepared, the period covered, and descriptive labels and titles are comprehensible to the general reader. The reports are produced annually and often generated quarterly or monthly and frequent reports are more useful as management tools because they are based on current data and provide more opportunities to react to changes in financial markets. Financial statements are also used by employees and their representatives to determine company’s ability to provide retirement benefits and employment opportunities, and the company’s stability and profitability. Moreover, government and their agencies rely on financial statements to regulate the company’s activities, determine taxation policies, and as the basis of national income and similar statistics. Financial statements contain important information for investors, providers of risk capital to the company and their advisers are concerned with the risk inherent in, and return provided by their investments. Investors rely on financial statements to assess management’s accountability and determine whether to hold or sell their investment, reappoint or replace management. Shareholders are interested in information to assess the ability of the company to pay dividends. â€Å"An income statement is a major device for measuring the profitability of a firm over a period of time† (Block Hirt, 2005, p. 3) and also shows the costs and expenses associated with generated revenues and net earnings or losses. Income statements also report earnings per share or a calculation that shows how much money shareholders would receive if the company decided to distribute all of the net earnings for the period. â€Å"Price- earnings ratio is a multiplier applied to earnings per share to determine current value of the common stock and is influenced by the earnings and sales growth of the firm, the risk or volatility in performance, the debt-equity structure of the firm, dividend payment policy, the quality of management and a number of other factors. Since companies have various levels of earnings per share, price earnings ratios allow for comparison of the relative market value of many companies based on $1 of earnings per share† (Block Hirt, 2005, p. 9). A balance sheet provides detailed information of the company’s assets, liabilities, and shareholder’s equity and shows all transactions accumulated since the inception of the company and balance sheet items are based on original cost rather than current market value. Assets are what the company owns that have value and can be converted to cash within a year or normal operating cycle of the company and include plants, trucks, equipment, inventory, trademarks, patents, investments and cash. Liabilities are financial obligations of the company due in one year or longer term and can include money borrowed from the bank, rent for use of the building, money owed to suppliers for materials, payroll for employees, environmental cleanup costs and taxes owed to government, providing goods and services to customers in the future and bonds. Shareholder’s equity is referred to as capital or net worth or the money that would be left if the company sold all of its assets and paid off all of its liabilities and the leftover money belongs to the shareholders or owners of the company (Block Hirt, 2005). Both the income statement and balance sheet are based on an accrual method of accounting, in which revenues and expenses are recognized as they occur regardless of when the actual payment is received and even if the supplies has not been paid. However, a cash flow statement shows a companys sources and uses of cash or actual cash flow position of the firm including how changes in the balance sheet and income statement affected cash and cash equivalents and breaks down analysis according to operating, investing and financing activities. Cash flow statement excludes transactions that do not directly affect cash receipts and payments such as depreciation and write-offs on bad debts and provides information on the companys liquidity and solvency and its ability to change cash flows in future circumstances. The financial manager must understand the institutional structure of the Federal Reserve System, the commercial banking system and economic variables such as gross domestic product, industrial production, disposable income, unemployment, inflation, interest rates, and taxes to assist in the financial decision making process. In addition, the financial manager is responsible for interpreting and using financial statements in allocating the company’s financial resources to maximize profits and the wealth of the company’s shareholders (Block Hirt, 2005). â€Å"The goal of shareholder wealth maximization must also be consistent with a concern for social responsibility for the company by adopting policies that maximize values in the market; the company can attract capital, provide employment, and offer benefits to the company† (Block Hirt, 2005, p. 27). The company may also use financial information to make informed and ethical business decisions, for example declining stocks due to immense competition in the telecommunications industry and the shareholders are bemoaning on the returns. The company is under pressure to develop an aggressive approach to cut costs and realize growth by outsourcing some of their jobs and create partnerships with other providers to offer new services. The company must communicate with their loyal employees and shareholders and involve them in the decision making process because of social responsibility and ethical values. Furthermore, financial statements have significant value, but non- financial indications such as employee commitment, customer satisfaction, quality of corporate governance, and operational performance are really the key to the company’s success (Chasan, 2007). Conclusion Financial statements including income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statements provide important information for managers, employees, investors to assist in making informed business decisions. Financial managers must have thorough understanding of accounting principles to allocate the company’s financial resources to generate the highest returns for the company. In addition, the use of financial accounting may be used to make ethical decisions impacting the company’s performance and other stakeholders. Research Papers on Financial StatementsIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalThe Project Managment Office SystemTwilight of the UAWResearch Process Part OnePETSTEL analysis of IndiaAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaOpen Architechture a white paperDefinition of Export QuotasMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug Use

Career Tips for Twentysomethings to Build a Lasting Career For Years

Career Tips for Twentysomethings to Build a Lasting Career For Years You may feel young and immortal, but you won’t be by the time you’re in your 30s and feeling over the hill. Taking a few important, but relatively easy steps now can really make a difference in setting you up for future success. Pay yourself forward. Here are 15 career tips that will help pay serious dividends in a year- or two- or 20.1. Master basic life skillsNow that you’re out of school and on your own, it’s the time to practice all those adulting skills no one ever really told you that you would need. Things like living within your means, putting money away for the future, dealing with rejection, staying patient and positive, eating your vegetables, and paying your bills. A little work now can do a lot of good later.2. Ask yourself a daily question (or questions)So many of the greats motivate themselves by asking inspirational questions on a daily basis. Things like: â€Å"what good thing can I do today?† or â€Å"what would you do if you thou ght you couldn’t fail?† In the words of Einstein, â€Å"Learn from yesterday, live for today, hope for tomorrow. The important thing is not to stop questioning.† A little self-reflection is always as good thing- and will stand you in good stead if it becomes a habit when you really need it.3. Stay healthyDevelop and stick to a fitness regimen while you’re still young and healthy. Don’t wait until you start to feel the aging process settle in. If you make it a habit and not an onerous project (slash gargantuan task), then you’ll never neglect yourself or fall into decrepitude and bad health. And you’ll save yourself a lot of time and struggle later.4. Learn to cushionWhen you’re heading to work, or to an interview, or even to meet friends for dinner, it’s very important to leave yourself a bit of wiggle room on your way. If you think it will take you 22 minuets to get somewhere, practice rounding up and giving yourself a h alf an hour just to be on the safe side. One day (or several!) this will save your bacon. If nothing else, you’ll never have to arrive sweating or out of breath again.5. Go outside your comfort zoneParticularly when in social situations. Pushing your own limits just a little here and there will make you much more relaxed and socially adaptable later when your worst hermit habits kick in as you age.6. Pick up a hobbyBetter start now and pick one while you have the energy and wherewithal to pick a cool one. It will stand you in good stead in a decade or two when hobbies come in handy for helping to expand your social circle.7. Take your timeLearning to spend quality time with yourself is an incredibly valuable skill. Take yourself to a movie. Go out to dinner alone and don’t spend the whole time noodling on your phone. The earlier you can develop ease with solitude, the better off you’ll be. Start small- even just a half an hour a day.8. Get involvedGetting involv ed in meaningful causes is a great way to gain some perspective and keep your priorities straight. You’ll never be this young or strong again; and you’ll never have more free time. So get out there and help someone other than yourself. You’ll be very glad you did.9. Save upYouth is great, but old age is just around the corner. Money you put away for savings now will only grow. Even just $5 a month into a retirement account can make a world of difference when the fated day arrives. Try living frugally while you’re still young and vital so you can live comfortably and with security when you need those two things most.10. Be informedTo be interesting you should also be interested. Keep track of current events and sporting milestones. Keep abreast of the most meaty and meaningful issues of your day. You’ll not only be a better conversationalist, you might just find a passion you didn’t realize you had.11. Fail betterSuccess is a great goal, but failure is a very important stepping stone on the way there. Let yourself fall flat on your face a few times- this is how we learn. Then get up, dust off, and try again. The more you recover and overcome now, the more resilient you will know yourself to be when you start to feel more daunted by worldly circumstances.12. Weekly reviewStart the excellent habit of running through your week. Ask yourself what went well, what could have gone better, and what adjustments you should try to make in the coming week to keep improving. Little bits of work like this will make a big difference over the course of adulthood.13. Read everythingThis is the best life skill there is. For the cost of a library card, you can improve your vocabulary, learn about the world, become more fluent in a wide variety of subjects, and be able to better empathize with people who are entirely different than you. Reading exercises your mind and your heart- and both things make you a better person.14. See the worldDo n’t just try and make a pile of money to enjoy in your dotage. Travel while you have the energy and health and time without constraints. See the world. Develop a taste for new things. You’ll be a much more interesting old person- and you’ll experience a much more diverse world.15. Shake it upRoutines are great, but every once in a while it’s good to shake things up a little. Just to prove to yourself you’re still in the driver’s seat. Make every day of your life memorable and meaningful and you’ll have very few regrets indeed.

Rhetorical Analysis of Academic Communities of Writing and Discourse Essay

Rhetorical Analysis of Academic Communities of Writing and Discourse in the Technical Fields - Essay Example Notably, each journal has its own purpose and has defined academic traits and levels of academic integrity that authors and contributors should have. This paper will present a rhetorical analysis of five journals using an article from each of the journals as an example, and highlighting the differences and similarities in the purpose, content, use of tone and language. This journal contains both English and French articles and invites peers to review articles in different publications. The purpose of the journal is publishing articles related to fundamental studies of the transfer processes on thermal aspects as well as related applications. It has a defined scope of the articles it publishes which must be related to thermal processes in physics. The reason why this journal publishes in both English and French in an effort to increase the readers considering these languages are the most widely used international languages. One of the articles selected from this journal titled â€Å"thermal conductivity measurement of amorphous si/ sige multilayer films by three omega method,† it becomes evident that the journal places emphasis on the use of an academic tone while presenting the research finding (Shen et al 20). The structure of presentation of the research findings should be very elaborate as revealed in this article. Moreover, the authors contributing articles to this journal must back up their finding with graphical representations, diagrams, and illustrations as required by the physics field. Since the journal targets readers who are either students specializing in the field or other professional with advanced knowledge in the field, the tone and language level reflect an advanced academic level (Shen et al 22). This journal targets to cover articles that discuss any of the scientific and technological processes related to fatigue. In this case, the

Walden University Writing Center - the Temple of Writing Research Paper

Walden University Writing Center - the Temple of Writing - Research Paper Example In addition to these, the centre provides a grammar check facility, and to maintain academic integrity, there is a plagiarism detection tool integrated called Turnitin. Above all, the website gives a detailed description about writing in APA style. Walden University Writing Center: The Temple of Writing The online writing center of the Walden University introduces a student to what is known as the scientific way of writing. It offers the possibility of exploring APA style and formatting, taking up writing courses to improve one’s writing skills, participation in webinars, tutoring from professionals in the field of writing and expressing their views in the blogs of the writing center. The webpage is equally useful for a beginner as well as an experienced author. It caters to the individual needs of each student. One of the most attractive features of the writing centre is getting individual feedback from the Walden staff on the works the students upload on the site. A Step by Step Guide to Writing For an undergraduate student Walden University writing centre is a step by step guide unfolding the solutions to various problems he/she may come across while preparing his/her assignments. It provides an orientation to what exactly the assignment is about, the keywords to be searched, common writing terms in an assignment, thereby making the student develop a clear understanding about his/her assignment. The site provides training in preparing discussion posts. Though they are mini-essays they require ultimate attention and alertness as in preparing a research paper. There are options for preparing collaborative assignments which can improve a student’s ability in communication, time management, and delegation. As a beginner in writing, an undergraduate student definitely finds the writing guidelines very appropriate and useful as he/she progresses through the course. In addition to these services, the Walden University provides services like one to one tutoring and live webinars. Students are permitted to access Knowledge Area modules and work on it. In addition to these services, the student gets an opportunity to deal with capstone studies that give extensive help in improving one’s research paper. Individualized Learning The most interesting feature of Walden writing centre is one on one tutoring. Here the student makes an appointment with the tutor of his choice; then uploads his work for the review along with the instructions on areas to be focused on. Within 2 days the student will receive a feedback from the tutor. The feedback will include resources and suggestions on grammar, APA style adherence, basic formatting and regarding the flow of writing. The students are requested to submit their papers before 5 am EST on that day. The aim of this service is not to fix the errors in a paper but to improve the writing skills of the students. So the students should make sure to incorporate these suggestions in the next pap er they work on. Another very useful and vibrant service is the live webinars the centre provides. These are discussions on subjects relevant to perfecting one’s writing skills. There is a webinar archive which provides the details of past webinars. Making an Appointment To make an appointment with the tutor of your choice the student is requested to log on to ‘my Walden portal’. Click on the Academics tab, click on schedule an appointment and then tutor tab.        Ã‚  

Environmental- Economics Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Environmental- Economics - Case Study Example The solution to the problem was found in china through the creation and implementation of the energy laws that were created by the Central goverment. This is because the government of China has been aware of the environmental problems. There were several policies that were introduced in the effort to find a solution for the energy environment problems. One of these was the Environmental Protection Law for trial Implementation, which was created in 1979. Provisions to protect the environment were also made within the constitution in 1982 in addition to the Article 26 of the constitution which requires that the state provides protection and improvement of the environment where people and other ecological organisms live through the reduction of pollution. These laws and policies were also established to make it possible to practically apply the governmental environmental policies. In addition, this kind of depletion and exhaustion of resources called for the reduction in the used of ene rgy in the production and consumption areas. There was also a need to save the energy and use methods that were friendly to the environment and to promote technological innovations that would reduce the intensity of energy while at the same time increasing its efficiency as illustrated in Shanghai (Fig. 1). This was enabled by the enactment of the conservation laws and the application of economic incentives whereby the used of energy would be regulated and the emission of pollutants limited (Economy & Lieberthal, 2007). At this point, the main people who were affected by the particular policy included the producers and manufacturers who were required to use energy efficient means of production. The consumers would also be affected as either the prices of goods would go up or the number of products made available would reduce (Wheeler, Susmita & Hua, 2003). For the successful

Foucaults Analysis Of Power

Foucaults Analysis Of Power For Foucault, knowledge ceases to be about liberation and becomes a mode of surveillance, regulation and discipline. Examine this statement in relation to Foucaults analysis of power. The issue of power is a topic which has perplexed not only many Sociologists, but certainly many scholars within the field of Philosophy, Psychology and indeed many others. The Sociologist most noted with this theory is Michel Foucault. Foucault gave a comprehensive and in depth analysis of power, which we will discuss later. However, before we do, we must look at the life of Foucault, as to gain a better understanding of his works. Paul-Michel Foucault, a French Philosopher, Historian and Sociologist lived from October 1926- June 1984. He held the title History of Systems of thought at the notably prestigious College de France, as well as lecturing at the University of Buffalo and the University of Berkley, one of Americas most famous institutions. He refused time and time again to call himself a post-modernist, although he was highly influenced by post-modernist thought. He is most publically recognised for his critical studies of Social Institutions, with particular emphasis on medicine, psychiatry and the human sciences. His work on Power, Knowledge and Discourse has become the topic of much discussion, and has been taken up by many other key thinkers. During the 1960s, Foucault was associated with the structural movement, however he tried to distance himself from this. He preferred to think of himself as a pupil forwarding the Enlightenment views of Kant, trying to show that a side about individual liberty could be applied to improve the Enlightenment theory. According to Giddens, The study of power- how individuals and groups achieve their ends as against those of others- is of fundamental importance in Sociology. Classical thinkers, such as Karl Marx and Max Weber, placed importance on this theory, with Foucault building upon their foundations of theory. Unlike many before him, Foucault saw power as not being concentrated in the hands of the few in one place. Foucault showed in his complex writings that power could be found in all social relationships and not just in the hands of States. However, much of his work is spent showing the ways in which the States exercise their power over the populations. For Foucault, power is ultimately linked with knowledge; they exist because of one another. Therefore, the States power then extends from the development of new types of Knowledge. With the emergence of these, society is able to collect more information about the population and thus control it better. Power, however, whilst restricting people, can also enable them to do things. Power can also only operate if society has a certain amount of freedom, as society tries to restrict, people often try, and succeed, in slipping from its grasp. Foucaults early work on Madness and Civilisation (1967) described how, by the Eighteenth Century, unemployment, poverty and madness started to be seen as social problems by the States. Before this, the mad were free from state intervention, and were allowed to wander as they liked in rural areas; or they were put to sea in ships of fools. However, these became replaced with areas of confinement, such as madhouses, where they became isolated and separated from the rest of civilisation. According to Foucault, this was due to the European culture with a sense of responsibility for these social problems. A duty of responsibility was formed for the mad. However, by the 19th Century, these methods of separating groups was seen as being a mistake. New methods were developed to separate the different groups. Psychiatry began to take off, and became a new means by which to categorise people, for example, as being mad or suffering from some form of illness. As this happened, the discourse of the social sciences came to be involved in power relationships. Maden Sarup (1988) argued that the term discourse as used by Foucault, meant practices that systematically form the object of which they speak. According to this then, the development of psychiatric theories created mental illness. It was a discourse used to control certain groups within the population. This technique became crucial in the States gradual development of administration. The term administration allowed monitoring and possible control over people and their behaviour. However, according to Foucault, it was not just a straight forward power held by the state. Rather, it allowe d power relationships on an individual level, for example, between a psychiatrist and a patient. In Foucaults later work, Discipline and Punish (1975), he explored these themes in much more depth. Foucault begins with a very gruesome account of the public execution of Damiens in Paris, 1757. He was, in todays terms, tortured. However, Foucault makes the point that by the late 18th Century the use of public punishment began to dwindle. Punishment became private, rather than public, with the use of better, more efficient methods, for example, hanging. This also saw the implementation of more prison sentences. They obey a strict regime of work, sleep and education. According to Foucault, these changes involved a shift in the practices of punishment. Before the use of prisons, the main focus of punishment was on the pain inflicted to the body. However, the use of prisons focused on punishing the soul. It was to do with a loss of rights now, for example the right to freedom. The almost guarantee of being caught was meant to deter people, rather than the fear of public humiliation whi ch thus had failed. This new method was intended to offer reformation rather than to make the offender suffer. There was, as Foucault made clear no absolute shift in punishment methods, as capital punishment was, as is, still practiced. However, there was a definite shift to the latter method from the former. A change in what exactly was being judged also occurred. Before, it was the act being judged, whereas now it was the type of person they were. Extenuating circumstances were now taken into account. The level of punishment now focused on the motivation behind the crime. As Foucault stated, The question is no longer has the act been established and is it punishable? But also: What is this act, what is this act of violence or this murder? To what level or what field of reality does it belong? These questions could only be answered by a range of specialists, for example, psychiatrists and psychologists. Control became fragmented in this specialist knowledge. Foucault claims A corpus of knowledge, techn iques, and scientific discourses is formed and becomes entangled with the practice of the power to punish. Even as the state developed methods to control people, it gave power to the experts who had the knowledge, thus again proving the link between knowledge and power. However, with the exercise of power and knowledge relationships, Foucault makes the important point that they are not entirely negative. There also exist positive responses to them. It can allow certain things to be achieved. The example Foucault uses is the motivation of workers to become better and improve the labour power that societies may require. Moreover, power is not something possessed by individuals, power is exercised rather than possessed. Also, power can only be used when people have a choice about what to do; and Foucault makes the point that there are extremely few occasions when people will have no choice. Someone would be able to resist by possibly committing suicide, or killing the other, (Foucault 1988). Therefore, it is always possible to resist those exercising power, the result, however, produces an element of uncertainty. Power has the ability to be reversed. He argues à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the fact that I am older and that at first you were intimidated can, in the co urse of the conversation, turn about and it is I who can become intimidated before someone, precisely because he is younger, (Hindess, 1996). In his work on discipline, Foucault again states that power and knowledge are inseparable, We should admit that power produces knowledgeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ that power and knowledge directly imply one another; that there is now power relation without correlative constitutions of a field of knowledge, now any knowledge that does not presuppose and constitute at the same time power relations. Thus, it becomes possible to resist the exertion of power by challenging the knowledge on which it was based. For example, a patient may question a doctors diagnosis, thus challenging the knowledge and overcoming the power of the doctors expertise. Because each implies the other, power relationships can be seen in all aspects of society. They are not just seen between State and citizen relations, or between classes. Therefore, for Foucault, Marxism is too limited as it only focuses on the power relationships between classes. As the same, Pluralism only focuses on state exerted power. They are inadequat e as they are too narrow, and fail to look at the everyday interactions of people and the commonly used discourses involved therein. Foucault does not believe that power and knowledge is not exercised by the state alone; however that does not imply that he feels they are absent from the state either. Attempts are continually made by Governments and other bodies to control and manipulate behaviours. Sophisticated techniques can be developed to do this, although they are never entirely successful. In his text, Foucault enters into extreme detail about the ways in which states oversee activities involving power and knowledge. He discussed the English philosopher Jeremy Benthams prison design, the Panopticon. It was never fully used, although pieces of the design were incorporated into prison construction. The main feature of this design was a central tower. It allowed the guards to see into any cell at any given time. Back lighting would mean they could observe without the prisoners knowledge; thus forcing them to never misbehave, as they would never know if a guard was looking at them. They would have discipline enforced upon them. For Foucault, discipline was an important feature for modern societies. Surveillance techniques, such as Closed Circuit Television, or CCTV, were used to observe peoples behaviour in public places, thus encouraging a strong regime of self-discipline. People then began to grow accustomed to control their actions, whether being observed or not, the fear was enough. Discipline therefore gives people the power to regulate their own behaviour. This is based on Foucaults notion that we all have a soul, and this can be manipulated. However, what Foucault calls a soul being manipulated, some may argue that it is, in fact, a psychological technique, thus taking the power away from the state and back to the expert psychologist. This notion is more effective, however, than simply inflicting pain. You do not punish the body; rather you produce docile bodies which pose no threat as they are self-disciplined. Discipline plays an important in Governance, however it is also found in many other organisations, and is never truly successful. According to Hindess (1996), the suggestion is, then, that we live in a world of disciplinary projects, all of which suffer from more or less successful attempts at resistance and evasion. The result is a disciplinary, but hardly disciplined society. For Foucault, government goes beyond the activities of state. The pupil who misbehaves or the patient who denies the diagnosis are as much a feature of modern societies as the docile body of a disciplined citizen. In conclusion, Foucaults work provides significant insight into the nature of power. He succeeds in showing how power and knowledge are connected closely. He also shows how power is found in other social relationships other than what involves the government, and demonstrates how power is never likely to be absolute. Furthermore, he successfully shows how people will try to evade any exertion of power onto them. His work is much more subtly done than the theory of some Marxists and Pluralists. However, it can be said that he fails to take into account the importance of some of these theories in relation to power. He neglects the view that power can be exercised in the field of economics, and also neglects the power that the military can exercise. Moreover, Foucault at times seems to contradict himself. He claims that the Governments have an increased ability to surveil and regulate the citizens. However, he then says that power can be exercised when we have some freedom, and that resistance is impossible. These statements would seem to be at opposite ends of the pole. Furthermore, Foucaults definition is much different than that of, for example, the sociologist Max Weber, who asserts that power is exercised because we do not have freedom to act as we chose to do rather than as we are told to do. However, Foucault does certainly offer an alternative idea which is provocative in the field of research. He uses a very intriguing analysis of how States develop techniques of social control.

Group Polarization And Competition In Political Behavior Essay

On Tuesday, November 14, 1995, in what has been perceived as the years biggest non-event, the federal government shut down all "non-essential" services due to what was, for all intents and purposes, a game of national "chicken" between the House Speaker and the President. And, at an estimated cost of 200 million dollars a day, this dubious battle of dueling egos did not come cheap (Bradsher, 1995, p.16). Why do politicians find it almost congenitally impossible to cooperate? What is it about politics and power that seem to always put them at odds with good government? Indeed, is an effective, well run government even possible given the current adversarial relationship between our two main political parties? It would seem that the exercise of power for its own sake, and a competitive situation in which one side must always oppose the other on any issue, is incompatible with the cooperation and compromise necessary for the government to function. As the United States becomes more extreme in its beliefs in general, group polarization and competition, which requires a mutual exclusivity of goal attainment, will lead to more "showdown" situations in which the goal of good government gives way to political posturing and power-mongering. In this paper I will analyze recent political behavior in terms of two factors: Group behavior with an emphasis on polarization, and competition. However, one should keep in mind that these two factors are interrelated. Group polarization tends to exacerbate inter-group competition by driving any two groups who initially disagree farther apart in their respective views. In turn, a competitive situation in which one side must lose in order for the other to win (and political situations are nearly always competitive), will codify the differences between groups - leading to further extremism by those seeking power within the group - and thus, to further group polarization. In the above example, the two main combatants, Bill Clinton and Newt Gingrich, were virtually forced to take uncompromising, disparate views because of the very nature of authority within their respective political groups. Group polarization refers to the tendency of groups to gravitate to the extreme of whatever opinion the group shares (Baron & Graziano, 1991, p.498-99). Therefore, if the extreme is seen as a desirable characteri... ...roup of extreme, right wing, "constitutionalists" who were apparently trying to turn frustration with the federal government into open revolution. I do not think these examples are aberrations or flukes, but are, instead, indicative of structural defects in our political system. If we are not aware of the dangers of extremism and competition, we may, in the end, be destroyed by them. References Baron, B.M., & Graziano, W.G. (1991). Social Psychology. Fort Worth, TX. Holt, Rinehart, and Winston. Bradsher, K. (1995, November 18). Country may be losing money with government closed. The New York Times, pp.16 Kohn, A. (1986). No Contest: The Case Against Competition. Boston, Houghton Mifflin. No Author. (1995, March 24). [internet] What Wilson has said about entering race. San Jose Mercury News Online. Address:http://www.sjmercury.com/wilson/wil324s.htm Thurm, S. (1995, August 29). [internet] Wilson's 'announcement' more of an ad: California governor kicks off drive for GOP presidential nomination. San Jose Mercury News Online. Address:http://www.sjmercury.com/wilson/wil829.htm Turgue, B., & Thomas, E. (1995, November 27). Missing the moment. Newsweek, pp.26-29.

Administrative Role of Management

Managers are often tasked to lead segments of the organization. In certain cases, the manager serves as the overall leader of the organization. Usually, managers are tasked to take on certain administrative functions.The administrative role of managers usually refers to functions that will contribute to the best way by which the organization may be organized from an overall perspective. Such functions may include monitoring the other functions in the institution as well as coordination with other members of the organization.These are done in order to ensure that all tasks are directed towards achieving the goals of the organization. Administrative functions of managers make them more hands on. They are required to participate more in order to ensure that all actions taken are for the success of the organization.  In the case of Far Horizon, there are three administrative issues that need to be addressed.Issue 1: HiringPhase 3 of Far Horizon’s plan involves the opening and fu ll-operation of the convention center. This requires the manager of the organization to recruit people suitable of the position. Various job openings will be created by the convention center.The manager must ensure that the right and best people are placed in positions where they are most suited for and where the can perform their duties successfully.Issue 2: Monitoring of Management TeamsAs stated in Far Horizon’s business plan, its management team is composed of only 3 members. Such team is composed of the owner, the bar and restaurant manager, as well as a consultant who has been hired to give advice on certain issues pertaining to the different aspects of the firm’s management.There is no clear outline of which manager is in charge of what area. It was stated in the business plan that operations, marketing, and finance management teams have already been established. However, it is quite evident that the 3 members of Far Horizon’s management team have not div ided the leadership of such areas among themselves.This may lead to a case wherein no one among the three members can properly monitor the actions of the said management teams. Without proper monitoring by the heads of the management, the actions of the management teams may not be inline with the goals of the company.Issue 3: Delegation of TasksWith the expansion of Far Horizon’s services, more tasks are required out of the current employees as well as those that are to be hired. Because of this, the managers must ensure that all tasks, duties, and responsibilities are covered and assigned.This requires proper delegation to personnel suited for the task. Moreover, it must be ensured that when an employee is assigned certain tasks, that employee is fully capable of fulfilling the said assignments. Too many assignments may cause the employee to give a sub-par performance while too little tasks will mean that the said employee is under-utilized.Basically, the management must ens ure that an adequate number of tasks are assigned to each employee in such a way that his services are maximized.Organizational Role of ManagementThe organization role of management basically refers to the function of managers wherein they design the organization in such a way that the whole organization is properly directed towards the achievement of the common goals of the organization.Managers need to be able to define the key areas of the organization and strategy by which these key areas will supplement each other in order to achieve the objectives of the whole organization. Various activities are related to the organizational role of managers. In the case of Far Horizon, there are a number of issues that the management needs to address in order to successfully lead the organization.Issue 1: StructureThe design of the organizational structure is one of the key activities of the management. Since Far Horizon provides various services to its customers and it has plans to expand i ts range of services, the management must consider a structure that will allow its personnel to attend to the key activities of the organization.Moreover, Far Horizon must be structured in such a way that it leaves room for expansion. This means that the structure must be flexible and dynamic because Far Horizon has yet to establish itself fully.Issue 2: Organizational DevelopmentOrganizational development refers to, â€Å"Organizational development is an effort, planned, organization-wide, and managed from the top, to increase organization effectiveness and health through planned interventions in the organization's processes, using behavioral-science knowledge.† (Beckhard, 1969)This is one of the key organizational functions of managers. The management must continuously seek out strategies by which the effectiveness of all areas of Far Horizon may be maintained and improved continuously. This must be done so that the company will remain competitive from a long-term perspecti ve.Issue 3: TechnologyTechnology is constantly changing. The managers of Far Horizon must ensure that they employ the latest technology not just in the services offered to their clients but within the organization has well. Moreover, they must determine where technology will be most useful within the organizations. The use of technology can make organizational process simpler. Inevitably, it can help the managers lead and take control of Far Horizon better.Reference:Beckhard, R. (1969). Organizational Development: Strategies and Models. Addison-Wesley.